WEBVTT NOTE duration:"01:16:19.0930000" NOTE language:en-us NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 a09c8b8b-4805-4585-91cc-1b00a707193a 00:00:13.110 --> 00:00:15.273 Hello and thank you for joining us NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 55e89fb9-d113-4e42-9aaf-e40ce4e2da47 00:00:15.273 --> 00:00:17.169 for this month's public lecture. NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 94f773ff-9636-4882-a436-63244a66588a 00:00:17.170 --> 00:00:19.165 My name is Mitch Adelson and I'll NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 52ca0a76-8ce3-4e96-9c50-7243f1744934 00:00:19.165 --> 00:00:21.271 be your host and moderator today NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 f80d427f-e32c-4e30-9dc3-85d22f4dcfc2 00:00:21.271 --> 00:00:23.246 before I introduce our speaker. NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 1edaf207-c97a-4071-91fd-024bdabee22e 00:00:23.250 --> 00:00:25.920 I had several announcements to make. NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 ebe378f9-d4f7-43b8-8c2d-047b76cdd8f7 00:00:25.920 --> 00:00:28.566 Next month, speaker will be Amy Akal, NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 df339a87-eb00-43a3-81f1-514e28f1f72b 00:00:28.570 --> 00:00:31.186 he research geologist or ecologist at NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 7b2025ee-098c-4221-ab72-e8aeca00a220 00:00:31.186 --> 00:00:34.127 the Fort Collins Science Center who we NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 7f29ec92-6f92-4622-aaf3-2c284ba62922 00:00:34.127 --> 00:00:36.738 talking to us about invasive species so NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 9b9ad0e5-2ff9-43af-b191-c6b607356f78 00:00:36.812 --> 00:00:39.557 please join us on July 22nd at 7:00 PM. NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 31d9c8c9-a44c-4eed-8d97-bc1ad20dcc5d 00:00:39.560 --> 00:00:41.148 Please Pacific Daylight Time. NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 ac7d987d-a81f-4451-98ff-26c12a146b3c 00:00:41.148 --> 00:00:44.067 Some tips to turn on a couple NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 d2678c7a-aaa4-4b9e-af07-44e01ce9e5f5 00:00:44.067 --> 00:00:46.357 of features on this platform. NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 dae592d9-88b4-4e3a-bdea-be6ee74554e0 00:00:46.360 --> 00:00:48.824 To turn on closed captioning on your desktop, NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 a4ae6e8e-4d36-42d2-9a41-0de5d987432d 00:00:48.830 --> 00:00:50.618 click on the gear shaped icon NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 0b9d7589-153f-4c9c-9abe-5dbeaa256de0 00:00:50.618 --> 00:00:52.503 button located in the upper right NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 96d74b0f-6593-45d1-9a39-988a2a6ed3e3 00:00:52.503 --> 00:00:54.088 hand corner of the screen. NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 fa89557c-3835-4b1f-933f-1f52ee6a0814 00:00:54.090 --> 00:00:55.896 Close caption On your mobile device NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 5f5c8527-274d-42eb-a165-4fd85a5dfd0c 00:00:55.896 --> 00:00:58.341 can be turned on by tapping on your NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 999ae5d0-e3b8-4e68-9a51-8f07f1bc224a 00:00:58.341 --> 00:01:00.111 phone and clicking on the closed NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 e50df5e7-0227-49ad-b1fe-d50e85607637 00:01:00.173 --> 00:01:02.399 caption TV icon located in the bottom NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 49da5bab-22ca-45a2-82d0-1e996aefec8a 00:01:02.399 --> 00:01:05.409 right hand corner of the screen. NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 4b741c17-cfba-46c8-8a17-363fd1afb374 00:01:05.410 --> 00:01:07.370 Towards the end of the lecture we will NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 ea23765e-4bd7-4641-aaf1-ee53e5a7b9f8 00:01:07.370 --> 00:01:09.775 open it up to questions and answer session. NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 42f58472-5f87-47df-b3ca-49a290199718 00:01:09.780 --> 00:01:11.956 If you have a question for the speaker, NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 b9b8f8c4-0b99-4866-8ed1-a54267f0804a 00:01:11.960 --> 00:01:13.871 you can submit them through the Q&A NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 dbde9cba-ada4-40f6-b08b-799baac8b261 00:01:13.871 --> 00:01:15.704 chat window, define that chat window, NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 da8297e5-3d74-4faf-8508-acb93a19f3a7 00:01:15.704 --> 00:01:18.269 look for the question Mark icon in the NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 29697e34-2a3c-4b78-b527-f823337a32e0 00:01:18.269 --> 00:01:20.278 upper right hand corner of the screen. NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 3cb4d33b-191b-463a-b095-3a10bcb01a97 00:01:20.280 --> 00:01:22.002 This will bring out a panel where NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 60cd2e9a-1b63-4e0b-8f95-22d126c88172 00:01:22.002 --> 00:01:23.708 you can type in your question. NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 95521266-c1cf-479c-a261-2fdad1ce75a6 00:01:23.710 --> 00:01:25.558 If you are on a mobile device, NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 7a00042e-b5ad-4707-bb9f-cb59f8e3cc8b 00:01:25.560 --> 00:01:27.864 you can click on the question Mark Icon NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 66274bb4-14af-4f43-9dc7-66b02f42c6d1 00:01:27.864 --> 00:01:30.005 located in the upper right hand corner NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 04a35df4-c547-4dbb-8a0c-350957be719d 00:01:30.005 --> 00:01:32.168 of the screen and submit your questions NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 0a4c3b1d-5423-45e0-8950-e1c2c7991712 00:01:32.168 --> 00:01:34.275 in the ask a question field box. NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 93404966-5758-465e-a1f8-c475e9023ab7 00:01:34.280 --> 00:01:36.170 Please understand that we may not NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 104f73a6-f390-4044-b52e-711c06250706 00:01:36.170 --> 00:01:38.649 have time to answer all the questions NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 fb5e4c3a-c90c-454c-9089-c62b99374b96 00:01:38.649 --> 00:01:40.965 we receive and we appreciate your NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 8e5b7348-2745-467b-b331-544f7c0c3393 00:01:40.965 --> 00:01:42.580 understanding advance and now it's NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 7310fa41-b90e-4984-9ca6-93e527f625e3 00:01:42.580 --> 00:01:45.820 time to introduce you to our speaker. NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 6e358841-3f03-47db-8d6d-a76ded60c90c 00:01:45.820 --> 00:01:47.728 Carolyn Reeder's career began NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 05602623-e1f1-4dfb-84f0-1c861e3adcba 00:01:47.728 --> 00:01:50.113 with EU at you began. NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 5db054d9-2c02-4cfb-9b74-76738bdd8b02 00:01:50.120 --> 00:01:52.857 Today the career with the USGS began NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 c675e640-e328-40c4-9ea6-c2e308360851 00:01:52.857 --> 00:01:56.198 in 1978 at the USGS Projects Office. NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 2828b8da-93eb-4077-a0e3-f5cfac46d5b4 00:01:56.200 --> 00:01:57.992 Glee theology in Tacoma, NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 31c0148b-eefe-490d-9503-9051941c1dcf 00:01:57.992 --> 00:02:00.680 WA with research on glaciers in NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 ec9984ed-171d-49be-93b7-6af1f27d90ab 00:02:00.766 --> 00:02:03.406 the Pacific Northwest and Alaska. NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 189a3782-60f9-461f-a263-e1795e5ad77a 00:02:03.410 --> 00:02:06.285 Many projects traveled the Glacier NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 fbde7b96-3e54-40ce-bb4d-b2529ddc9997 00:02:06.285 --> 00:02:08.010 Volcano scientific disciplines. NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 9127fa1d-a14c-4387-8f45-b76e5d3200d7 00:02:08.010 --> 00:02:09.980 In 1986, she became along, NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 c033ab62-b61a-4387-8f40-d54b8dc686da 00:02:09.980 --> 00:02:13.004 she began a long term study of glacier NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 a2fe0918-9de7-46bf-be7a-1c5118026349 00:02:13.004 --> 00:02:15.477 related debris flows at Mount Rainier. NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 ac05f9d3-ff88-4c9c-99e1-7acd57034b39 00:02:15.480 --> 00:02:16.539 In that project, NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 167ab673-5e36-4296-81b3-a5e4ca9859ed 00:02:16.539 --> 00:02:18.657 lead to employment at the USGS NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 84021ee7-3b86-4357-8e32-f30c9d05585c 00:02:18.657 --> 00:02:20.588 Cascades Volcano Observatory CVO, NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 32c13f54-162f-4250-82b2-2fae2ba9cc01 00:02:20.590 --> 00:02:22.550 but it was there earlier, NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 59abd1f4-c039-44c5-8152-4e1d0a1dd8b4 00:02:22.550 --> 00:02:24.520 witnessing of the May 18th, NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 0906886b-4aee-4f90-bb0e-dd3bcb1d9bd2 00:02:24.520 --> 00:02:27.236 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens and NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 ebff48b1-4453-4411-989b-3024bcb29b2d 00:02:27.236 --> 00:02:30.385 taking part in the response that set the NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 ed7d0bbc-419f-4c53-8ead-9afc5432f955 00:02:30.385 --> 00:02:33.160 course for the remainder of her career. NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 12067ed7-ee99-47f3-90f6-89ad1c20eaf7 00:02:33.160 --> 00:02:35.048 This experience provided a NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 09532ddc-59f0-4cac-8e77-65d457ba16b7 00:02:35.048 --> 00:02:37.408 front row seat and reflect. NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 03f02851-dc2c-4638-8547-32340180e691 00:02:37.410 --> 00:02:39.918 Front will see an observation reflection NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 12a08253-04e7-4257-96c9-66b393587868 00:02:39.918 --> 00:02:43.010 about the roles of science in society. NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 a3a580e2-8f40-473a-9aaa-d87262f065ee 00:02:43.010 --> 00:02:44.678 At CEOs outreach coordinator NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 ee7c3041-c4cb-446f-8611-f8e3912a42a0 00:02:44.678 --> 00:02:46.763 Caroline has worked at the NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 b81abd76-fe74-4655-a37d-989f1d12e79f 00:02:46.763 --> 00:02:48.620 partnership with public officials, NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 f31967df-c463-4fa1-8209-5969845f991b 00:02:48.620 --> 00:02:49.484 emergency planners, NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 0b73949f-c5ef-4355-9a0d-dac9381e1788 00:02:49.484 --> 00:02:52.508 News Media Park interpreters and educators to NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 4d94f9e1-7aa9-4304-805a-f51b7fd46fe4 00:02:52.508 --> 00:02:55.076 advance the cause of eruption preparedness. NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 a0afd0df-84ca-4382-a50f-b57a96973acd 00:02:55.080 --> 00:02:56.804 Some earlier career choices NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 60551565-7459-4098-b1bf-83463e95c356 00:02:56.804 --> 00:02:58.528 informed Caroline's current work, NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 df9cc0bc-a958-4181-acb7-9139dfecd93b 00:02:58.530 --> 00:03:01.140 including several years of teaching school NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 cb7118ba-1711-41f1-be9c-33d9b935573d 00:03:01.140 --> 00:03:04.128 in the United States and in Kathmandu, NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 29b0ec55-4f05-4c50-9730-625a98467979 00:03:04.130 --> 00:03:04.627 Nepal, NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 c04f67d2-667a-4ba0-a4cc-1d7221dd782f 00:03:04.627 --> 00:03:07.112 and also working for the NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 46e5acaf-f757-452e-b22a-0dcfd38485e0 00:03:07.112 --> 00:03:08.603 National Park Service. NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 564bdd4c-c2e4-4193-9b87-7dbd5a3ce4a6 00:03:08.610 --> 00:03:10.790 Carolyn notes that are education NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 0e8c066c-44e6-494d-b6c4-bcc6472c1884 00:03:10.790 --> 00:03:12.970 continues every day through involvement NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 7087fed4-94e6-4b87-976a-bccdc2e6810d 00:03:13.034 --> 00:03:15.029 in multi agency partnership projects NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 ebf4f5ed-ae0d-43c3-b62b-e438a0c9ec9f 00:03:15.029 --> 00:03:17.463 and she credits for historian father NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 3c6938ed-04a0-412f-8547-5cfff9f761f0 00:03:17.463 --> 00:03:19.677 for giving her the appreciation for NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 1d03464d-32e3-4bb8-8758-f34e38b6968b 00:03:19.677 --> 00:03:22.272 examining the long term impacts of NOTE Confidence: 0.8595908 5446771c-7c6a-4756-a847-4882723b343e 00:03:22.272 --> 00:03:25.730 events such as the eruption of Mount NOTE Confidence: 0.8630726 a31eb501-d2aa-4a70-b758-f2afc21efd26 00:03:25.833 --> 00:03:27.501 Saint Helens. Caroline. NOTE Confidence: 0.8630726 d16558c7-334f-4362-b70c-2925277f4fbb 00:03:27.501 --> 00:03:29.656 The floor is all yours. NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 15fc8efa-1cff-43ca-bcd6-34fa561399ab 00:03:38.530 --> 00:03:40.048 Hey, thank you very much *****. NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 90108335-458a-4099-b8c9-889fdd8ec217 00:03:40.050 --> 00:03:43.506 Can you hear me alright? Yeah, OK. NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 62f4479f-b43d-4b00-b4f2-a0a94f4501ee 00:03:43.506 --> 00:03:46.257 Well, thank you everybody for being here. NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 2bff5592-b966-4b7a-bf86-33403b0577b4 00:03:46.260 --> 00:03:47.640 It's it's either a rainy NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 d039618d-520a-4d94-8fb8-388916445297 00:03:47.640 --> 00:03:49.550 evening or a very warm evening. NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 64fcde86-3678-4d93-a7ee-2b19d3bae6bd 00:03:49.550 --> 00:03:53.698 For many of us. Happy to be here NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 89c038b2-0951-4c9d-aa49-d072f68c2820 00:03:53.698 --> 00:03:56.200 and share this evening with you. NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 c891da96-5ce9-4cdb-ae2f-1937909f8f2b 00:03:56.200 --> 00:03:58.360 Thanks for having me here today. NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 54b01d94-755d-4fd4-8713-89aa4b9a024e 00:03:58.360 --> 00:03:59.975 As noted, I'm a hydrologist NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 a802d51d-017a-407e-a93d-c9df34692d7f 00:03:59.975 --> 00:04:01.590 with the USGS Cascades Volcano NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 2d50bbf2-aef7-4b9f-9f78-8b38ff77c597 00:04:01.647 --> 00:04:03.366 Observatory in Vancouver, WA. NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 56e3a78f-ad5a-4bdc-85ce-86e2f4713e31 00:04:03.366 --> 00:04:05.648 That's the little Vancouver that has the NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 4e6dbc2e-1033-4725-8fcf-ea1a77f13edd 00:04:05.648 --> 00:04:08.080 fenced for here in Southwest Washington. NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 e61b5f50-6482-4bbd-9e49-962ffaf25fbd 00:04:08.080 --> 00:04:10.240 Just a stones throw across the NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 20c3ed67-6630-4dcc-9e5a-18ce5fcccbef 00:04:10.240 --> 00:04:12.054 Columbia River from Portland, OR, NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 803005dd-d0ec-42f8-bb82-d0ea46de12ae 00:04:12.054 --> 00:04:14.298 so we're not the big gleaming NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 26303868-d0d6-4a61-9a4d-82d59102ac1b 00:04:14.298 --> 00:04:16.482 city in British Columbia with the NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 b98d79bd-a757-4957-8106-9ca3f89b845b 00:04:16.482 --> 00:04:19.240 sea in the sky in the ski area. NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 2a5ef3cf-fc79-4664-ace8-7b7cd1175afd 00:04:19.240 --> 00:04:20.500 Nearby Ann at CVO. NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 d8856f89-22df-4b92-b2c2-6963cd2f9e9e 00:04:20.500 --> 00:04:22.390 We study volcanoes to learn about NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 7cbaa081-527f-4cae-a205-784939caefb4 00:04:22.456 --> 00:04:24.636 the eruptive potential of volcanoes. NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 ee539042-a8da-4958-bc04-58f19f9c7d17 00:04:24.640 --> 00:04:27.664 We keep watch over them by monitoring them. NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 8f8b875c-4393-4474-9c17-c608f36dcb4c 00:04:27.670 --> 00:04:29.294 We communicate frequently with NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 b07ee181-dfe7-4bfc-a4aa-120697b13d6c 00:04:29.294 --> 00:04:31.730 public officials an with the general NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 b191636c-fa72-4f1e-a376-153557cb423a 00:04:31.792 --> 00:04:33.920 public so that all of us can be NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 02c5beaf-deac-41fe-b51d-470b46704cf2 00:04:33.920 --> 00:04:35.608 prepared for the next eruption. NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 e5358330-ea2e-42ed-ad08-6836e44634fb 00:04:35.610 --> 00:04:35.916 Now, NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 dbf258cb-7417-41a1-ac88-c36dbd819c03 00:04:35.916 --> 00:04:38.058 melting Helens 1980 was a historic and NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 4da231ce-d585-4471-a8c0-2436789249cc 00:04:38.058 --> 00:04:40.198 landmark event that happened in our nation. NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 52abb2a2-8779-4e5b-abae-4b9a6e5a29c6 00:04:40.200 --> 00:04:42.036 No matter where we are tonight. NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 146033e4-ade6-44c2-a416-1b1d78555ed1 00:04:42.040 --> 00:04:43.870 I think we can all appreciate NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 86a61615-06b0-49f3-b3d0-971990d75e30 00:04:43.870 --> 00:04:44.785 this extraordinary event. NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 e6d0db0c-8877-40ee-8317-86d3e36ba7bb 00:04:44.790 --> 00:04:46.758 And I bet that if this were an NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 5e24a741-cd13-40c2-ac62-17eb92eba272 00:04:46.758 --> 00:04:48.760 on site presentation, I'd be. NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 7833cf2b-7d16-41de-a372-9a6a49999276 00:04:48.760 --> 00:04:50.860 I guess that maybe half the people NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 5d4e09b7-e1ac-41f4-9b98-18e5ef5f5bc2 00:04:50.860 --> 00:04:52.950 have the hands of the room would NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 7bf7bf31-d80b-4608-bb8d-09e5cad019d0 00:04:52.950 --> 00:04:55.190 go up with people noting that yes, NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 24491a3f-5b91-4a81-a011-f700a4cab8ea 00:04:55.190 --> 00:04:57.339 they had been there, they've witnessed it. NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 52ce9208-8f36-4fb3-8d85-8316ada390c7 00:04:57.340 --> 00:04:58.870 They would maybe work there, NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 13f4ae47-f88c-4ffc-a627-5b09478c033b 00:04:58.870 --> 00:05:03.163 or they had a family member who was involved. NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 4408f7c0-8912-4d61-969f-6d9c17bbfba0 00:05:03.170 --> 00:05:05.690 So I want to thank will see NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 03c95c03-7953-46c2-baa9-1e6a0de7f1da 00:05:05.690 --> 00:05:06.770 leg Mitch Edelson, NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 c54a485e-9f39-45fc-ae0b-87bec308bab0 00:05:06.770 --> 00:05:08.960 Christie Ryan Ryan Mcclymont for inviting NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 f5e541cd-9526-4bd7-8288-2e57d528a6f8 00:05:08.960 --> 00:05:10.730 me organizing and publicizing this, NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 40370c20-e011-4ba7-9a68-a80f75804013 00:05:10.730 --> 00:05:13.514 making sure that all the technical NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 705d153a-8290-46cf-839a-b7a05862c524 00:05:13.514 --> 00:05:15.370 wheels are turning correctly. NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 2d109107-5152-4091-b61e-bae32ce0afb2 00:05:15.370 --> 00:05:15.716 Uh, NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 1c9a7972-bc91-4498-a2e2-bc21250dace3 00:05:15.716 --> 00:05:19.340 thanks also to many of you in the Bay Area, NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 08fe6b1c-745b-4732-9544-fc38f2bddca4 00:05:19.340 --> 00:05:21.475 especially who are long term NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 a2607aa3-b7a6-4a27-832c-ebeb2be99060 00:05:21.475 --> 00:05:23.183 participants of this group. NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 65242492-5561-42cd-92f0-cea65121ba1a 00:05:23.190 --> 00:05:25.524 Your involvement has made this lecture NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 36e37ac5-2466-474c-aa88-3c23bf05f02e 00:05:25.524 --> 00:05:27.957 series what a quarter century plus NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 a3949fdf-37f5-4b59-aabd-d3ed75d4efcd 00:05:27.957 --> 00:05:30.387 now very successful and long lasting. NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 d983daa4-1a78-458c-9607-dce37b990961 00:05:30.390 --> 00:05:33.606 And it's actually a privilege for NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 d5b7505e-faf7-4e41-bbb6-bf47824bcb9c 00:05:33.606 --> 00:05:37.717 any of US speakers to be apart of it. NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 cd1ba0bd-36a5-4975-95e9-85c6f20b9454 00:05:37.720 --> 00:05:39.696 And so this is also a good time NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 1551ab46-13fd-4459-995d-dbe1fa343d30 00:05:39.696 --> 00:05:41.518 to acknowledge that the top notch NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 ad8a2128-7892-4733-929f-844df3fac6ee 00:05:41.518 --> 00:05:43.103 scientists have responded to and NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 da9cd5ed-3bad-4c9d-93e4-896373561fe5 00:05:43.103 --> 00:05:45.310 studied Mount Saint Helens over the years. NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 d6dac1d5-2a70-44b8-89da-c6f971a9139d 00:05:45.310 --> 00:05:46.918 We're not going to talk about NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 66754275-bee8-41db-835b-21ecbd6d2482 00:05:46.918 --> 00:05:48.520 a lot of geology tonight. NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 b354c742-dd83-4d8c-bbab-d348420266cb 00:05:48.520 --> 00:05:49.980 We're talking about human context NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 63ad0f0b-84a6-4276-a7da-0bd499fba1c4 00:05:49.980 --> 00:05:51.337 of the eruptions, so, NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 491468d2-6312-4f38-9627-7b43a0b2cebd 00:05:51.337 --> 00:05:54.676 but I do want to acknowledge them. NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 709a4369-2b05-49a3-b5c8-90e53fdf29d6 00:05:54.680 --> 00:05:56.588 You know then I'll just mention NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 c4741911-46ba-4db5-a737-c522c02d5f33 00:05:56.588 --> 00:05:58.900 a few names and some of them NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 286e2f1c-40f8-4679-9322-d22f5fc0c6f2 00:05:58.900 --> 00:06:00.510 might be familiar to you, NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 005d8adb-e5e2-4fab-8661-5bc59d272174 00:06:00.510 --> 00:06:02.778 and for every name that I mentioned, NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 86c944a4-a393-47e5-bcd5-c352e315f7b9 00:06:02.780 --> 00:06:05.048 I mean, there are probably you know, NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 6a80da74-f32c-4aa7-8690-006bddfce489 00:06:05.050 --> 00:06:07.227 100 other people who have been involved NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 08b4857e-ecc2-44a9-b77d-0c79a846fa83 00:06:07.227 --> 00:06:09.577 from the United States around the world. NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 247f3c5c-d47b-4e2e-b7c4-0a444428b523 00:06:09.580 --> 00:06:11.200 Some names you might recognize, NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 51c22fb2-4d66-4690-9b8f-e6a28816e3e2 00:06:11.200 --> 00:06:13.018 like Don Swanson and Steve Malone NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 f96ed7b3-d718-4eca-8627-6ae421a0229e 00:06:13.018 --> 00:06:15.089 and Bob Tilling and Chris Newhall, NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 8ac470a9-0cd0-4ea9-8791-da5c73bac5de 00:06:15.090 --> 00:06:16.710 Jim Vallance and Rocky Crandall, NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 8cc3b1a6-b68f-4c95-9a5b-08732b0a5198 00:06:16.710 --> 00:06:18.660 and on Mullineaux and Jim Warren, NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 779638da-d0cf-4ac6-aa91-143d3d796e75 00:06:18.660 --> 00:06:20.280 Pete Lipman, and you know, NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 2b92cf03-f6a8-48ec-8b45-112c8add8b6f 00:06:20.280 --> 00:06:21.895 still many people who continue NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 9405cbb5-babe-474b-87bb-b427837e5c89 00:06:21.895 --> 00:06:23.187 to follow the events. NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 03580700-804f-4d5c-a27f-454a8aecef86 00:06:23.190 --> 00:06:25.566 Many people at CBO and beyond. NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 41a27c2a-93fe-477e-b1bf-e922894e9e50 00:06:25.570 --> 00:06:27.748 On the people who follow the NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 2ccdf2a5-2f08-466f-b781-6028e7fd849b 00:06:27.748 --> 00:06:30.154 hydralogic events in the the the NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 618d67c5-ab04-4df3-a559-b9846c11d4c4 00:06:30.154 --> 00:06:32.349 ever changing landscape that can NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 a69b8b32-935f-4072-b431-1ef4a30b7249 00:06:32.349 --> 00:06:34.125 continue this landscape that NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 f3cfb771-1925-4c8c-b3b2-ba2035736b54 00:06:34.125 --> 00:06:36.065 continues to change even now. NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 db1d183a-7055-4c16-a104-ff5acb141373 00:06:36.070 --> 00:06:38.415 41 years later people like NOTE Confidence: 0.811282 d639880a-60a8-4387-a2f9-25700029f876 00:06:38.415 --> 00:06:40.760 John Major and Kurt Spicer NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 cfec3250-826e-48a8-a346-75fb8f006e9a 00:06:40.858 --> 00:06:42.718 and many many others. NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 99c57f8a-2cca-4b61-8ebb-7867956899a9 00:06:42.720 --> 00:06:45.136 OK, so you've heard that I started my NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 9f808215-06be-4dd7-9f92-b0148b4e2c1f 00:06:45.136 --> 00:06:48.126 career at the USGS in a research Officer NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 bc3fbf87-b70a-4d7c-87eb-2150ef9a2541 00:06:48.126 --> 00:06:50.380 project Office glass theology in Tacoma. NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 c8f1c1d1-73c9-4f49-babf-eff956212911 00:06:50.380 --> 00:06:52.424 I chose a study of glaciers because NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 33e7922f-b85a-4a27-bbdd-64b5e4a828f9 00:06:52.424 --> 00:06:54.579 of all the geologic phenomena. NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 96ba728a-551d-4523-a93b-d7c8e636ebda 00:06:54.580 --> 00:06:56.953 It just seemed to me that watching NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 e989e6f1-3847-4f81-9848-bd8d506bfbe0 00:06:56.953 --> 00:06:59.397 glaciers was going to be probably the NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 2880cc67-0fc0-4a4d-97b7-1af09614548a 00:06:59.397 --> 00:07:01.431 most dynamic of Earth process that NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 0f1c8c22-308f-4060-8cf5-27c6280099b9 00:07:01.501 --> 00:07:03.679 I could actually win ever witness. NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 ca6e195a-e230-4fbd-84c5-e281d6458e8c 00:07:03.680 --> 00:07:06.830 But I was wrong and witnessing the May 18th, NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 3c6cc6b4-40f5-40fc-8586-71b425ba976f 00:07:06.830 --> 00:07:09.236 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 7dbd4bd4-c876-4e9d-aef7-b29c790b771f 00:07:09.236 --> 00:07:11.959 and taking part in that response. NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 ff162bbf-f244-4db1-8041-9ed53b5bb926 00:07:11.960 --> 00:07:13.970 Uh, just was you know, NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 dca3277d-125d-490d-bca6-4fa384f93b78 00:07:13.970 --> 00:07:15.970 just packed years of educations, NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 30267be5-6db0-441b-a976-3894f6f7448e 00:07:15.970 --> 00:07:17.980 years worth of education into, NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 82e8b4f6-a27a-4c90-878a-60e079e0c304 00:07:17.980 --> 00:07:19.105 you know, quick, NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 6320331b-22f9-4bb8-bc41-629f4cdc761c 00:07:19.105 --> 00:07:21.355 practical course and on how people NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 ce5aad49-28f1-4f59-89ee-1beac9c2c742 00:07:21.355 --> 00:07:23.080 respond to volcanic eruptions NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 59d678d0-24e3-4740-8728-e1b5f7648bc5 00:07:23.080 --> 00:07:24.788 and how society responds. NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 34b94e1f-f8aa-43d6-be16-2adc0bc34647 00:07:24.790 --> 00:07:27.450 And it really set the direction of NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 b0c77c9f-fbc4-420f-8f3f-b5e86652f3c4 00:07:27.450 --> 00:07:30.410 my work for the rest of Mycareer. NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 b15df104-85b6-4ac4-8af7-51501954a5be 00:07:30.410 --> 00:07:32.576 So as CBS Outreach Coordinator for NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 4a343b29-cb0a-4f2c-a00a-3ad361214353 00:07:32.576 --> 00:07:34.985 many years I work in partnership NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 28cedabd-485c-4030-b8c2-6c0f4f83c41b 00:07:34.985 --> 00:07:37.215 with the groups mentioned you. NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 d467414c-90a0-4ebb-b2d0-54300b44edd7 00:07:37.220 --> 00:07:38.824 Lots of public officials, NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 fa973807-da0b-48e4-a081-3b42f54016aa 00:07:38.824 --> 00:07:40.428 lots of public officials, NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 8e4b8123-24aa-41d9-b294-ce0fd57191f8 00:07:40.430 --> 00:07:42.550 the news media and educators. NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 9f6c4aa4-e0d8-4dd8-9df0-26e845bfd42c 00:07:42.550 --> 00:07:44.560 How many target groups that can NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 68327426-25a4-4a74-a888-7ae7acdc6e53 00:07:44.560 --> 00:07:46.844 help the USGS get its message NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 8ef5653d-64dc-40bc-ae41-9a61d042bc06 00:07:46.844 --> 00:07:48.580 out about volcano hazards? NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 7552a35d-8964-4c62-a397-20628e958a0b 00:07:48.580 --> 00:07:50.730 OK, so. NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 2b62cf3e-17ba-48f1-a61d-72b8cea2e982 00:07:50.730 --> 00:07:51.816 Over the years, NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 4402130f-fc75-4892-b846-c1ab3cf541e1 00:07:51.816 --> 00:07:54.350 the geologic events have been pretty well NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 88f7765c-4915-467a-9120-cd8873fb5b09 00:07:54.415 --> 00:07:57.208 chronicled in books and websites and videos. NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 bf887b3e-a5a5-48da-886c-48ad00ee93f6 00:07:57.210 --> 00:07:59.772 You probably heard a lot about pyroclastic NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 7d8f1a1d-08e1-4815-abb6-45af6811494b 00:07:59.772 --> 00:08:02.158 density currents and ignimbrites and such, NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 d29d6b53-ddfb-4c44-b784-b7c5081e90ef 00:08:02.160 --> 00:08:04.332 but there is also a real NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 e3812d67-916a-486b-a86f-b6cde4b60293 00:08:04.332 --> 00:08:06.350 human context to the story. NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 d10919dc-c31b-4d8a-ad0d-7f8af76e7dd8 00:08:06.350 --> 00:08:08.260 It's not so often discussed, NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 a05b9644-de1c-4e38-bb0f-53f4e42d3701 00:08:08.260 --> 00:08:08.938 you know, NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 0adcf85c-d14d-417d-99eb-f61a9f74bb2a 00:08:08.938 --> 00:08:09.616 for instance, NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 e6dea150-4df4-4d9f-95ae-571205c104c1 00:08:09.616 --> 00:08:12.432 you know what are the factors of the NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 cbfa5671-d0f4-46aa-ab9d-905449075de1 00:08:12.432 --> 00:08:14.222 time that influence the eruption NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 1ff3ba37-9c1c-4b4b-b80e-4f62f3f4d5f7 00:08:14.222 --> 00:08:16.260 response and its effectiveness. NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 71f7bd29-8922-4e87-be87-875a03493944 00:08:16.260 --> 00:08:17.784 You know what contemporary NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 4c8bbaaf-b655-459f-9df4-0ca5184f69c8 00:08:17.784 --> 00:08:19.308 circumstances influence the outcome? NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 e17ea207-b6ba-4dd6-a442-c7510663f0eb 00:08:19.310 --> 00:08:22.376 What were people thinking at the time? NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 890f89b3-21c2-44c0-8bbc-1f21bf77730a 00:08:22.380 --> 00:08:24.020 What experience do they have NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 fd1d9e96-c945-46bf-bbd5-f72fd29b74bf 00:08:24.020 --> 00:08:26.130 that led them to the decisions NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 6ed2b056-952a-4762-a515-e6ec91441884 00:08:26.130 --> 00:08:28.135 that they ended up making? NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 67c29ea0-e91b-4249-af7c-bd117b431cbd 00:08:28.140 --> 00:08:29.910 You know it's really the NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 20020e18-438f-4577-8a07-eb32c250c18f 00:08:29.910 --> 00:08:31.680 connectedness of people and events NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 21f81188-3a9d-4547-8c04-842f8fe1c72b 00:08:31.747 --> 00:08:34.159 in the personalities and their life NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 86a78e5d-aa81-4266-89b1-1eb0c1c42c6e 00:08:34.159 --> 00:08:35.767 experiences and that predispose NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 1c4884a0-e568-44fd-9474-85325f3e48a7 00:08:35.836 --> 00:08:37.936 the outcomes of a historical event, NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 8dac7360-dbea-4469-9045-4daf43c9c46c 00:08:37.940 --> 00:08:40.810 and I consider the response to Mount NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 8c67e22c-f2dc-4cab-a114-c86e2ec9fcc9 00:08:40.810 --> 00:08:43.489 Saint Helens a historical event. NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 7bec6c3e-d4c9-4ac2-aa2a-fe7c22db778b 00:08:43.490 --> 00:08:44.206 Now additionally, NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 ef310688-110e-40b3-a7f9-ba72358231e0 00:08:44.206 --> 00:08:46.712 I hope that today's talk will help NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 558231c5-47bf-4857-8111-9fe4ac2a08d3 00:08:46.712 --> 00:08:49.210 you understand with a little bit NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 8cf3f9f7-fb57-4dc8-a3e4-3edc1fc91667 00:08:49.210 --> 00:08:51.740 greater clarity how science actually works. NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 cb10247f-cf10-4af8-b103-f1eb5f036248 00:08:51.740 --> 00:08:54.484 It's not all done in a lab. NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 608e2f03-97a5-402a-9b24-5e49fdf32087 00:08:54.490 --> 00:08:56.062 It's not all done. NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 d2f13139-5ac7-4ce1-8790-11a5d33bdaf7 00:08:56.062 --> 00:08:58.027 Even intentionally office human intuition. NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 b6c63b8f-e847-4d01-bc63-1554e853935a 00:08:58.030 --> 00:09:00.856 It's the mix of personalities and NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 44b6500b-0300-470c-98b6-9056b0684075 00:09:00.856 --> 00:09:03.290 the coordination that takes place. NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 afbdfe9a-5efe-402c-9611-e08bf43bf577 00:09:03.290 --> 00:09:05.486 You know some March of previous NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 1576d1c2-80d2-4b69-b882-8329dfc462af 00:09:05.486 --> 00:09:08.337 events and I respond to you unique NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 4246004b-7a94-422e-b370-1b104bc0ef95 00:09:08.337 --> 00:09:10.085 opportunities that arise sometimes NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 41f0efc3-7a0c-48bb-971c-23bcb07365bd 00:09:10.085 --> 00:09:11.820 is just plain luck. NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 1b06d0e3-781b-4fb4-9500-b05b795e509a 00:09:11.820 --> 00:09:14.588 So there are many ways in which the NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 49a1bb69-4f5f-4220-83df-708916632a6b 00:09:14.588 --> 00:09:17.497 outcomes of eruption response can happen, NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 61d3b967-6486-4bed-ab25-c765cb0a4e17 00:09:17.500 --> 00:09:20.788 so therefore it's really our job NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 fc09d731-d0cd-4160-b9ae-53b3211d3553 00:09:20.788 --> 00:09:23.479 to utilized previous knowledge and NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 953c81ff-f69c-498f-ba48-837a2e07186a 00:09:23.479 --> 00:09:26.300 to build a vision for the future. NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 4c11e8c7-c13a-4c13-8505-8f46abf6d885 00:09:26.300 --> 00:09:29.338 How we can best respond to a NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 fd3d831e-588d-4af3-8ae8-b462d2d18353 00:09:29.338 --> 00:09:32.008 volcanic eruption so will look at NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 ab01e654-7970-4e9c-af2f-dfb69c40e882 00:09:32.008 --> 00:09:34.558 mounting Helens events as part of NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 33848cec-d0f7-4c6a-81f8-9641edb09125 00:09:34.558 --> 00:09:37.468 a long an ongoing continuing. NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 c11685f4-fdc9-44c1-a3ff-bce80d90f128 00:09:37.470 --> 00:09:40.398 Everything that the way that the NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 6460c168-0f9a-4f3c-9b8e-fa0678b776e6 00:09:40.398 --> 00:09:43.293 response happened in 1980 was a NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 1c7f7718-1643-4585-a89c-3286548f91e5 00:09:43.293 --> 00:09:45.867 result of what happened before and NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 a557fa7b-5844-4161-b463-dd5294b50100 00:09:45.867 --> 00:09:49.055 what we're doing now will influence NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 c45c70f1-721a-4bb3-b3e5-38f00d018606 00:09:49.055 --> 00:09:51.860 the responses for future eruptions. NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 3762534e-a30f-42f2-93da-5b7535404e32 00:09:51.860 --> 00:09:54.296 And so let's first of all, NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 0ab5d52a-bf1b-4295-99f0-ad370c2345b5 00:09:54.300 --> 00:09:54.950 let's say, NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 b513a8e7-9db7-4840-9160-043cddc56cfa 00:09:54.950 --> 00:09:56.900 let's look at some events that NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 5221a9f7-d879-4f60-beb0-58a78df5e994 00:09:56.900 --> 00:09:58.538 influence or cyantific eruption NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 d110cbbd-e4c7-4d18-a933-1dbb901f9b4c 00:09:58.538 --> 00:10:00.853 response and and the collaborations NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 c9ac9ec7-228f-417c-aa83-79cdaf5d1818 00:10:00.853 --> 00:10:02.850 and communication that happened. NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 00c6b7ab-5d35-4089-979f-29bdc6ed6a1b 00:10:02.850 --> 00:10:03.604 After that. NOTE Confidence: 0.8542023 3e3f3923-8922-41dc-8d4c-7b07747eb8c5 00:10:03.604 --> 00:10:06.620 We will look at how scientists and some NOTE Confidence: 0.8413523 3c7b7914-8647-4acb-a320-3d32ee232ad5 00:10:06.698 --> 00:10:09.029 J in some adjacent excuse me will NOTE Confidence: 0.8413523 f53f18b9-8134-4d2f-896a-8ce60a41516d 00:10:09.029 --> 00:10:11.587 look at how scientists and people NOTE Confidence: 0.8413523 3320cb09-eb43-4ae3-a94f-a8a243500cff 00:10:11.587 --> 00:10:14.062 in some adjacent professions were NOTE Confidence: 0.8413523 2772220e-b83d-4127-afe3-c96f1e9eb9da 00:10:14.062 --> 00:10:16.688 impacted in Mount Saint Helens had NOTE Confidence: 0.8413523 6808232b-b740-498b-97a9-e5975cf37211 00:10:16.688 --> 00:10:19.130 not just change the scientific world, NOTE Confidence: 0.8413523 7ff99f93-47d7-4cf6-8caf-e380a6659cd4 00:10:19.130 --> 00:10:23.330 it changed other other professions as well. NOTE Confidence: 0.8413523 eaa936a3-dfdc-410e-be84-75b9d4144b9e 00:10:23.330 --> 00:10:25.542 And then I'm going to show photos NOTE Confidence: 0.8413523 3beadfe8-57f2-4754-bcb2-8f3560b41f0c 00:10:25.542 --> 00:10:27.529 and pictures of my experiences, NOTE Confidence: 0.8413523 40cda849-0578-4ad1-afd7-daed8f267f95 00:10:27.530 --> 00:10:29.616 and I say my experience is that NOTE Confidence: 0.8413523 6427a795-668a-481e-bb42-07cd6aad0a15 00:10:29.616 --> 00:10:32.579 of myself as well as my my glass NOTE Confidence: 0.8413523 ebe516f0-c9f2-4be1-93b3-78ac2b9b9f80 00:10:32.579 --> 00:10:36.080 theology colleague Mindy Brugman, who. NOTE Confidence: 0.8413523 a5390a1f-b850-410b-8558-6cae81dcf802 00:10:36.080 --> 00:10:40.376 Practice with them May 17th and May 18th. NOTE Confidence: 0.8413523 21968697-ddea-450f-816d-1b7402d4d7b7 00:10:40.380 --> 00:10:42.636 It kind of set the stage for transition NOTE Confidence: 0.8413523 78a758bb-2fff-4d65-9814-45003c2a466c 00:10:42.636 --> 00:10:44.838 from glacier studies to that of volcanoes. NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 f2698944-0dcf-4b15-90fa-0bd8ce4652a1 00:10:47.220 --> 00:10:49.790 OK, and so first it's NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 0e2c7e5f-7393-4a27-a785-7bf596fa172c 00:10:49.790 --> 00:10:51.846 important to recognize that. NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 e26542f7-06e4-4bfe-81d3-0460eebd8f91 00:10:51.850 --> 00:10:54.671 How people how people author human time NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 2b2fbd73-dfeb-42a2-8c17-c6498551aa86 00:10:54.671 --> 00:10:56.570 have experienced volcanic eruptions, NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 2a5700dd-b925-4eed-b43c-96f019ddc21e 00:10:56.570 --> 00:10:59.566 whether it be 79 AD or eruption, NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 19b89d19-fef2-498d-89a8-1998592b345a 00:10:59.570 --> 00:11:01.720 is viewed by any culture. NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 e02c2c69-f4e5-4ee4-8e41-2a8277684dda 00:11:01.720 --> 00:11:03.860 It's a really big deal. NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 727da04a-c65a-4624-bd97-fd902ec70ad4 00:11:03.860 --> 00:11:07.124 You know your options can happen only once NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 41e0870d-3635-44f9-ab27-abd839e1ffe9 00:11:07.124 --> 00:11:09.867 a generation or every few generations, NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 3a845f44-1b1a-4a1d-b0ba-fa62a151ba15 00:11:09.870 --> 00:11:12.456 and so in every culture it NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 023cf581-d5fc-4bcf-99b4-51752cef97a3 00:11:12.456 --> 00:11:14.783 tends to be remembered either NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 3a1204bf-e5fa-42e1-90da-d3556c740195 00:11:14.783 --> 00:11:17.348 in oral or written accounts. NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 8a3fc19e-7300-4a1e-8d4b-942aaed15e20 00:11:17.350 --> 00:11:19.582 The native people living here in NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 fca33c3b-deec-4197-a7bd-51248b96c2d1 00:11:19.582 --> 00:11:21.845 the Pacific Northwest left us with NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 e4ce911b-2e2e-4a10-a602-f3d24b8f810a 00:11:21.845 --> 00:11:23.610 some amazing stories of volcanic NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 d21cf085-d190-485d-a184-c9ae47213679 00:11:23.610 --> 00:11:25.750 eruptions in in their own words. NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 15d53101-d05d-49df-a081-c9ebe258465f 00:11:25.750 --> 00:11:27.570 Perhaps they were the first NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 bb55e36f-ffa4-4db9-a6b9-75eca56b926a 00:11:27.570 --> 00:11:29.026 to warn future generations. NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 986ca53d-1e93-45e6-8a98-fd138afee5c4 00:11:29.030 --> 00:11:31.088 Some of the first outreach products NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 05c79c59-135e-44bf-a763-21f503dcbf01 00:11:31.088 --> 00:11:33.301 might have been their oral traditions NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 9f94849e-979a-4171-b28d-c8eef5de5274 00:11:33.301 --> 00:11:35.236 that were both very personal. NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 c9490532-31fc-493e-b6a4-f170e4e9d97e 00:11:35.240 --> 00:11:37.848 Very pointed, very descriptive. NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 10fe3ed1-abbc-4c2f-9fbb-dd18645d8b44 00:11:37.850 --> 00:11:40.363 Uh, so some of those counts are NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 40079853-7d6f-4ecb-b220-28871e28561d 00:11:40.363 --> 00:11:42.548 interesting to us to even today. NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 4d13ae15-62f0-4baa-afe9-808ffaa75885 00:11:42.550 --> 00:11:44.422 Now let's just put yourself in NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 270f6837-805b-4505-874c-5d1d57315e0b 00:11:44.422 --> 00:11:47.063 the mind of one of those ancients NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 414f4f92-d5c2-494e-b8c1-5264c6fb8a3b 00:11:47.063 --> 00:11:49.268 who witnesses a volcanic eruption. NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 2cdc0dec-f154-48d9-a5f4-37fe519a85fe 00:11:49.270 --> 00:11:49.660 Alright, NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 0236bf2c-173b-42f1-84e8-7f684b55736b 00:11:49.660 --> 00:11:52.000 just imagine that ashes rising into NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 dfd61b33-beb3-41e6-9176-8e23eb999851 00:11:52.000 --> 00:11:54.617 the sky and the lava is flowing NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 f26c52ab-6929-4d37-b2c6-5e0f382b240f 00:11:54.617 --> 00:11:56.669 down the side of the volcano. NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 a433e425-4d7b-4b0f-a521-bae002201c2d 00:11:56.670 --> 00:11:58.150 That eruption is basically NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 18fb4fce-c76b-4519-86db-b2cb4d1a78ea 00:11:58.150 --> 00:11:59.260 a sensory overload. NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 38be6d4a-181a-4a7a-98eb-896d49f7112f 00:11:59.260 --> 00:12:01.480 It imagine the smell of sulfur, NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 a3692a8e-e5eb-4b18-b700-df74845fba26 00:12:01.480 --> 00:12:03.700 the site of the actual love. NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 a8682351-cd53-43c4-a588-691a80bd1e90 00:12:03.700 --> 00:12:05.071 This sounds, explosions. NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 2f96c134-ca02-4496-92ca-e82da6311963 00:12:05.071 --> 00:12:07.813 The feeling of the heat in NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 aab0e644-03ee-409a-a06d-3741a6fe116f 00:12:07.813 --> 00:12:10.187 the grittiness of the ash. NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 0fabf235-b389-4dd6-a9b7-3f601ff57570 00:12:10.190 --> 00:12:12.215 All these things are major NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 8394c62d-ece1-4d9a-bdf1-95fd1ae6b808 00:12:12.215 --> 00:12:13.835 aspects of volcanic eruptions. NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 c8d1329c-5a74-4da2-9301-dece436708a5 00:12:13.840 --> 00:12:14.570 Whoops, NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 e3a73f39-f374-41e3-a247-865b37775394 00:12:14.570 --> 00:12:16.760 sorry bout that. NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 d2ad6ff9-2d25-4ff9-a734-666c69ec5293 00:12:16.760 --> 00:12:18.860 There's often a lot of cymbala G NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 9ad063a8-2189-4256-b6ed-cdddcba30b10 00:12:18.860 --> 00:12:20.340 associated with volcanic eruptions. NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 4f6a4649-97df-43fa-b917-5789f84fb35a 00:12:20.340 --> 00:12:22.290 You know the land seems stable, NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 b9b1568b-6b9e-4ee3-874f-5424c270b6ca 00:12:22.290 --> 00:12:24.174 but then it goes through big NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 e98fa81b-745f-4a04-bd77-d8d9752d144f 00:12:24.174 --> 00:12:25.829 changes and magma is rising NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 5d6c4247-6352-46df-971f-1d17e9272c22 00:12:25.829 --> 00:12:27.809 from the bowels of the Earth. NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 f0eafa92-d91e-4e15-bdcf-e2bd2d66dd70 00:12:27.810 --> 00:12:29.718 It's uncontrollable and very often it NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 d575b498-81e2-4a89-befd-fdc2359eb824 00:12:29.718 --> 00:12:32.026 causes harm and there's a thought that NOTE Confidence: 0.86390144 faaceb6d-61e0-4f24-a7df-4477b6701b8b 00:12:32.026 --> 00:12:33.656 maybe somebody did something wrong. NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 bfd764b4-e078-40dd-8c38-28a722f38847 00:12:35.890 --> 00:12:38.298 So we have a better understanding of NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 822d9ba5-52dc-4f98-807f-ef0da286341a 00:12:38.298 --> 00:12:40.300 volcanoes today then many years ago, NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 7f2895a6-bc70-46a7-9d50-235af80a35ae 00:12:40.300 --> 00:12:42.820 but I like to think that in my NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 4ff00667-77d2-4fef-bbc4-27b957c76cfe 00:12:42.820 --> 00:12:44.897 communications with the public that some NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 e37960b1-9b5e-4538-ae6c-252b980efe33 00:12:44.897 --> 00:12:47.420 of the same visceral reactions are early. NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 447df46c-fa9e-4300-88d9-95c9e15c5ea8 00:12:47.420 --> 00:12:50.060 People have are experienced by people NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 7513ed7d-b05d-4810-90d2-b74b1ed6a6f8 00:12:50.060 --> 00:12:52.729 today and that affects our approach NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 0144d480-5180-4a73-a06e-d5349d7de617 00:12:52.729 --> 00:12:55.207 and how we talk about eruptions. NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 831e1e50-12e7-437b-9414-b3f400206c11 00:12:55.210 --> 00:12:57.784 So there's a little bit of an offbeat book NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 967aea0f-8f06-49b5-8936-1a705a18d39d 00:12:57.784 --> 00:13:00.430 by Alan Weltzien exceptional mountains. NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 a66f8b5f-b07f-4b8e-abe6-170904d16c4e 00:13:00.430 --> 00:13:02.621 It's a cultural history of the cat NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 7646d6f6-21ea-4a59-af7b-c8fa2c2629a5 00:13:02.621 --> 00:13:04.910 of the Pacific Northwest volcanoes, NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 e97c6a7d-b036-4239-9265-09cf569eb081 00:13:04.910 --> 00:13:07.087 and he had some interesting things to NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 75709dc7-1eb1-44a4-95c5-52d7cd942379 00:13:07.087 --> 00:13:08.984 say about Pacific Northwesterners and NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 2cfad806-2bcf-486c-a73f-2009ad6e2a16 00:13:08.984 --> 00:13:11.244 a relationship to Cascade Volcanoes. NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 86c3047f-3f8f-45e5-9c6a-fab93095d2ea 00:13:11.250 --> 00:13:13.110 He says the cascade volcanoes, NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 df29736d-e806-44de-919b-894f65f5e7b8 00:13:13.110 --> 00:13:14.980 like green leaning weight magnets, NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 2abf7e0e-bc0a-4065-b4e6-7e4a09b2fe31 00:13:14.980 --> 00:13:17.218 that pull crowds to their slopes, NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 5f7e6500-a544-4345-939e-c2da308c26ec 00:13:17.220 --> 00:13:19.824 and he knows that each cascade volcano. NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 d4de1f65-1ffa-429d-9c3c-d8f95bef96f1 00:13:19.830 --> 00:13:22.062 It has its own tributary region NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 ffd5a9a0-8c9d-4b2f-82a4-de583c76bdaf 00:13:22.062 --> 00:13:22.806 of population. NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 cd04a1fc-b730-48b7-bb3e-fb34187c9822 00:13:22.810 --> 00:13:25.240 So the regions that use their NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 0e39d0da-6cbe-45a0-ac08-9f7889435f26 00:13:25.240 --> 00:13:27.334 approximate volcano to actually brand NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 c0d72a64-21e0-4867-9c4a-367b41d55d30 00:13:27.334 --> 00:13:29.728 the identity of their community and. NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 fe95954e-962c-430f-8f97-cb587160410f 00:13:29.730 --> 00:13:32.607 You know we get these volcanoes actually NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 5715b2de-d55a-4e90-845b-c4528efece73 00:13:32.607 --> 00:13:36.208 give a region a civic and personal identity. NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 02b6d9bf-de7b-42f7-a03b-08debd218b89 00:13:36.210 --> 00:13:39.500 I've heard it said that these volcanoes NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 f2bcfb52-2d11-4e5b-98a8-ad81fe9f6ba4 00:13:39.500 --> 00:13:42.028 are the spiritual and cultural NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 6fa6eaad-c304-4a5a-9728-522131c29ede 00:13:42.028 --> 00:13:44.618 icons of the Pacific Northwest. NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 0006a582-3158-4cb1-9741-8c3e377ab638 00:13:44.620 --> 00:13:46.818 So you know at first they just NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 490625f7-8183-424d-8ac6-20561e91e820 00:13:46.818 --> 00:13:49.098 appear like they are on the horizon. NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 8ee0f1ea-e0e5-48ce-a4fa-db0e62304a90 00:13:49.100 --> 00:13:51.020 It looks like I'm Rose Sentinels NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 35d246d5-a598-4100-9fb1-7edee4767177 00:13:51.020 --> 00:13:52.300 standing on the horizon, NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 2fcadf3f-7f1e-4f46-b8e4-5b7c8139685a 00:13:52.300 --> 00:13:54.540 and if you fly westward to Western NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 56228e23-3730-4962-a51b-5be8ddc4cc8b 00:13:54.540 --> 00:13:55.500 Washington, Oregon, Portland, NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 998947ff-7ba6-409e-a8ae-74da56fa7cab 00:13:55.500 --> 00:13:58.010 OR which is common for me, you know, NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 46f35b3a-53d2-4e4c-bce1-b9e0ac4236ed 00:13:58.010 --> 00:13:58.305 I, NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 1ad6d82d-c223-43b0-b963-2dc4b12c4d70 00:13:58.305 --> 00:14:01.090 I know that I'm almost home when I see NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 8ed4fe25-0ebd-4c84-8329-b3606a6b95de 00:14:01.090 --> 00:14:03.379 those Sentinels on the horizon and they NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 38f746ab-c755-44f2-a83e-cfaa8d500a0f 00:14:03.379 --> 00:14:05.826 just they do seem very remote, but. NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 75895d83-f989-4ced-84e6-25dd13d88a37 00:14:05.826 --> 00:14:07.856 Actually they are right in NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 4fc91230-3c44-4f31-af13-61a2f8646a50 00:14:07.856 --> 00:14:10.070 the middle of our lives, NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 7a6c06aa-733a-406a-a6c4-bddf4747a9e1 00:14:10.070 --> 00:14:12.660 because when there is an eruption from NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 5be60d09-2823-46db-a00d-a92799c14df4 00:14:12.660 --> 00:14:16.068 one of them they will affect everyone and. NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 90193b37-ff94-432d-ae51-0427816c2f22 00:14:16.070 --> 00:14:18.478 Not just people close to the volcano, NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 68772d64-e78c-4233-bf29-5a7787af2bc8 00:14:18.480 --> 00:14:20.200 but in the entire region, NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 0041dee2-0751-46d4-92fd-01f0ef2e33c9 00:14:20.200 --> 00:14:21.778 and you know, NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 d76cb378-25f3-45a6-9669-71ff25975198 00:14:21.778 --> 00:14:24.934 and eventually resonating across the nation. NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 ef4c5dcc-826a-4748-9de0-d498bf21a112 00:14:24.940 --> 00:14:26.566 And those are all factors that NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 d17f6dc9-0226-4453-9274-50b203980291 00:14:26.566 --> 00:14:28.309 we need to consider when we NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 ec2b9e25-2452-4088-9857-fd30c713e45f 00:14:28.309 --> 00:14:29.819 talk to people about volcanoes. NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 d1970c7e-e6cc-4390-990c-e319067a9ba2 00:14:29.820 --> 00:14:32.389 Is that there's a very you know NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 828c2ae6-929f-45f0-8f31-7c5e6433bebb 00:14:32.389 --> 00:14:33.890 emotional attraction to them. NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 4f157eaf-7399-40c3-917e-755669fef183 00:14:33.890 --> 00:14:36.506 So let's put mounting Helens response NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 5eedba88-f45c-4e5f-b549-b16e41c9e06f 00:14:36.506 --> 00:14:38.925 in perspective a little bit and NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 72bd23c3-f9aa-4b41-8013-53acf99d48d0 00:14:38.925 --> 00:14:41.325 look at some of the history of it. NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 f6d1ea0f-0819-4959-800e-9e0400a19021 00:14:41.330 --> 00:14:43.718 The history of the responses really NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 7e1a3610-5c52-4822-953a-ef980f9926ed 00:14:43.718 --> 00:14:46.058 began decades before the eruption of NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 4be49f0b-0004-4030-bd1b-c077eb2c7996 00:14:46.058 --> 00:14:48.762 Mount Saint Helens in a couple of ways. NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 63cc77e2-625b-4131-9005-e5589de006d3 00:14:48.770 --> 00:14:49.886 First of all, NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 b5482f11-3e1d-4b01-8254-e9b2a89825eb 00:14:49.886 --> 00:14:52.118 we had volcanoes erupting in Hawaii. NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 fa9a9cc8-67b0-4656-8bd8-0a73a8e184c3 00:14:52.120 --> 00:14:53.980 We had eruptions at Kilauea NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 32324bcd-39f5-40dd-9a9b-2e19192ac419 00:14:53.980 --> 00:14:56.204 as well as at Mana, Loa, NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 fd84bf62-438e-4547-8511-94da6c42d9d1 00:14:56.204 --> 00:14:56.568 Volcano, NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 ad0e7b80-89f3-4650-aeed-70366be04a7c 00:14:56.568 --> 00:14:59.116 and so we had good scientists working NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 1bd208c7-2b7f-4d8d-85e1-a925c55b4c5b 00:14:59.116 --> 00:15:01.540 there for many years trying to understand NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 a724427b-1a07-41e0-9d42-db567e85b100 00:15:01.540 --> 00:15:04.469 the best ways to monitor those volcanoes. NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 2ad59237-9a41-41b6-8463-81036dd8be72 00:15:04.470 --> 00:15:07.228 Understand how volcanoes work and those are NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 3fd672e5-f22a-4029-8b35-d24cdebcae76 00:15:07.228 --> 00:15:10.448 for the most part nonexplosive volcanoes, NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 49fc8671-ae4f-4fa7-ac91-043ebe1937e4 00:15:10.450 --> 00:15:13.078 and so people were employing methods NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 b739f7c5-ddce-42f0-b4f5-5b219cc4ab2e 00:15:13.078 --> 00:15:15.556 that for that were appropriate NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 ba7c11e7-2d34-4eea-9aed-85c05e8ad272 00:15:15.556 --> 00:15:18.108 for non explosive volcanoes. NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 b1ca6909-32a0-487c-a524-68624e9b86ef 00:15:18.110 --> 00:15:20.570 Here in the Pacific Northwest, NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 c1311d8a-677a-4fa0-8e15-15ed5d314b04 00:15:20.570 --> 00:15:23.030 we had some USGS researchers NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 7b8b3257-858a-4b73-8bdf-046603d07f81 00:15:23.030 --> 00:15:24.506 studying just doing. NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 406385fc-9720-442e-9496-df0a8e88df75 00:15:24.510 --> 00:15:26.820 During the first iteration of NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 79545111-96ee-4b3a-98e1-013850f1f71d 00:15:26.820 --> 00:15:29.130 mapping at Cascade Volcanoes and NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 4f1c2bcf-b5b1-4948-90df-155484f737ef 00:15:29.206 --> 00:15:31.886 surrounding terrain and for example, NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 04c49093-56dd-4e9a-b846-9d2d84a8e0fb 00:15:31.890 --> 00:15:34.836 Rocky Crandall was one of them. NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 c1631eca-0e72-4bb2-a86f-c27251e5fac8 00:15:34.840 --> 00:15:37.816 Is wait Rick Randall's full name NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 75ec1340-a9d0-4c83-8d71-e34df8b5f63b 00:15:37.816 --> 00:15:40.739 but known many years is rocky, NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 4a2e2028-0fc3-4fb9-ba41-9837ce9fd389 00:15:40.740 --> 00:15:44.114 Rocky was tasked back in the 1950s NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 b6f00f24-b66f-4af4-9a64-5644945307a6 00:15:44.114 --> 00:15:46.950 with mapping the glacial rock NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 2a7274af-5c80-4a7e-b108-10e91798a635 00:15:46.950 --> 00:15:50.190 layers downstream of Mount Rainier. NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 867e6bff-affd-40e0-8eb9-4851a01b89ac 00:15:50.190 --> 00:15:53.637 And he spent a lot of years with this. NOTE Confidence: 0.88576496 2e91d3a1-b46b-4d4c-8344-0a234f68457a 00:15:53.640 --> 00:15:56.314 He was a very good field researcher, NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 5f5fd9f5-d9c0-442e-b848-324de6ce4d7a 00:15:56.320 --> 00:15:57.457 very careful researcher. NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 36debadb-3ff4-4c3b-84aa-1a932ba8d63a 00:15:57.457 --> 00:15:59.731 He was looking at how those NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 1e632575-8a08-4759-97e7-b6318cdcc3f6 00:15:59.731 --> 00:16:02.455 deposits had arrived in place and he NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 88322fb6-a41b-47b8-946b-15b07b610f50 00:16:02.455 --> 00:16:03.971 notice something really peculiar. NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 1171f853-e188-40c5-9203-d51e79369eaf 00:16:03.980 --> 00:16:06.710 He said it was amazing because normally NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 0103da45-af16-485f-8416-856903f946e6 00:16:06.710 --> 00:16:08.959 you would expected that a volcano. NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 bfdc27c3-7d57-4c5f-87b7-27caf071177e 00:16:08.960 --> 00:16:11.276 Excuse me that a glacier would NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 527d1f9e-884f-42fb-b216-ca376e751903 00:16:11.276 --> 00:16:14.017 plaster the rocks on the valley walls NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 da5cf348-acbe-4d8a-a6dd-9f4d368f0a37 00:16:14.017 --> 00:16:16.614 as well as on the valley floors. NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 c8f43054-71e3-4d73-b941-3e517c3d90de 00:16:16.620 --> 00:16:18.948 That's what you would expect to NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 75ef8bf4-7bec-4239-9e72-41c8e60c4926 00:16:18.948 --> 00:16:22.039 see from Ice Age or later glaciers. NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 85f816ee-94bc-498c-9abb-626f2668c12b 00:16:22.040 --> 00:16:24.889 But that's not what he was saying. NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 a120d744-a663-4c59-a32d-4661b701bc9d 00:16:24.890 --> 00:16:27.326 He was noticing something very different. NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 6903f70b-1b74-49fc-b70a-5865749ebb65 00:16:27.330 --> 00:16:29.760 Who's noticing that this these rocks NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 ab221b6e-b89d-436a-8fe6-9750b7c193ac 00:16:29.760 --> 00:16:32.220 look like they flowed into place, NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 70a5610e-526f-411d-a96f-3314215714d4 00:16:32.220 --> 00:16:35.874 and that's just didn't make a lot of sense. NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 ea8935c9-52a7-43d7-a943-1a6b3c53ef60 00:16:35.880 --> 00:16:38.729 He and others in the United States, NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 349cc02e-135f-4cd6-8fbc-afc3c114b358 00:16:38.730 --> 00:16:40.538 other scientist volcano scientists NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 5d360cb4-ca50-4737-9108-6f114c29e47a 00:16:40.538 --> 00:16:43.250 did not have that experience of NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 6a9c18e2-99ca-49b7-9902-12fc395c9ce1 00:16:43.321 --> 00:16:45.235 seeing a mudflow or a lahar. NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 3a0962dd-cade-40c1-bd50-802309a81d57 00:16:45.240 --> 00:16:47.270 He did seek alternative explanations, NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 30b9704c-f7cf-49d0-a20c-f9163c74134a 00:16:47.270 --> 00:16:50.427 and like he tries just trying to NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 b6ac4899-0e85-456c-8c10-9957178bd3e6 00:16:50.427 --> 00:16:52.649 understand what was going on. NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 8bb64cff-f8c9-4275-9f16-82cc96bb579c 00:16:52.650 --> 00:16:55.346 He's told us that you know for many NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 fd67fa85-7a1e-4008-89d4-8979a9849533 00:16:55.346 --> 00:16:57.792 years he wondered about this and NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 f0737465-8eda-4ecd-8b1d-3f7aa7019b02 00:16:57.792 --> 00:17:00.324 wondered if you know what could NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 35a6b485-5353-495b-afea-8de40e57f9df 00:17:00.402 --> 00:17:02.090 have caused this this. NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 72a64fd1-8479-467f-a1aa-0420f3f709fb 00:17:02.090 --> 00:17:04.582 Layer to be in place that looking NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 3737d40a-9fa3-46b6-a838-288d85c797c1 00:17:04.582 --> 00:17:07.436 like it flowed into place and then he NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 81dd72fa-f6cd-4b8a-bbf7-d4268b62945f 00:17:07.436 --> 00:17:10.190 said it was actually in on July 25th, NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 d413c76e-c453-4e79-b5c9-da601c9b5131 00:17:10.190 --> 00:17:12.661 1953 and he marked the moment in NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 4522af48-9ff9-4b77-972c-a43fa0a109e3 00:17:12.661 --> 00:17:14.760 his field notebook that you know, NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 98ea7447-45ba-42fc-a71a-997ccea8ab3d 00:17:14.760 --> 00:17:16.866 maybe there was a new idea. NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 e809d468-98cb-49ab-b247-df76d8a9ac71 00:17:16.870 --> 00:17:19.334 Maybe this these head float into place. NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 e3254beb-14d3-4c69-bfe4-14c181b477df 00:17:19.340 --> 00:17:21.470 These deposits head float into place NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 6d5fae4f-6726-4e7e-9cf0-d54988c39cfe 00:17:21.470 --> 00:17:24.154 and it was actually a mudflow that had NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 f7605686-b580-40fa-8e08-8557707dd89e 00:17:24.154 --> 00:17:26.410 was the source and he didn't really NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 63f3fd4e-0daa-47c9-a6f5-58a581823f19 00:17:26.410 --> 00:17:29.189 understand what the source might have been. NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 dec1ae9c-0548-4335-95c1-b0256bfbd956 00:17:29.190 --> 00:17:29.551 Finally, NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 aceb0641-b3f3-4567-9ae6-111d2ebd6bf9 00:17:29.551 --> 00:17:31.717 you know felt like following the NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 9a7034b1-c569-4cf7-bc01-1bf28522a666 00:17:31.717 --> 00:17:32.439 bread crumbs. NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 0dc2828c-8725-4777-81d4-d79ce152a062 00:17:32.440 --> 00:17:34.470 Upvalley he reached Mount Rainier NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 fbb47960-ab5a-43cb-866d-187ce53a36d7 00:17:34.470 --> 00:17:37.498 and realized looking at the rocks as well, NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 61ac5c6f-ffbd-492a-9525-0f6219c8c890 00:17:37.500 --> 00:17:40.034 that this was from a massive debris NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 fc62a2c0-9fc8-40d2-9691-6b6b0ba53a60 00:17:40.034 --> 00:17:42.416 avalanche in lahar from Mount Rainier NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 f955bb08-ab23-4b7d-b087-cdf67a0baf42 00:17:42.416 --> 00:17:45.279 volcano and that insight at Mount Rainier, NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 9e164d43-1fb5-4ac4-96db-9f7e41f7578f 00:17:45.280 --> 00:17:47.608 just north of Mount Saint Helens, NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 94ee039f-d574-4113-9098-130614e9e5fb 00:17:47.610 --> 00:17:51.082 help us to understand one of the NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 c3d4f87a-5924-460c-90da-bd112d0d8f90 00:17:51.082 --> 00:17:54.648 many hazards at Mount Saint Helens. NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 430c995d-1dbd-493d-9c24-f8f40df7f36c 00:17:54.650 --> 00:17:57.450 Now of Rocky Crandall and his is NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 fd7528bd-0b9a-4427-af13-c1b70f05b3d9 00:17:57.450 --> 00:17:59.803 close colleague Don Molino were NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 6cd4e43b-6c22-47a8-8094-ba6be109edf3 00:17:59.803 --> 00:18:01.955 working somewhat simultaneously on NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 d28c6949-fc0f-43c2-abce-d024f3c216e0 00:18:01.955 --> 00:18:04.790 two volcanoes and maybe more had NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 096b7ded-c471-42c1-b859-30b809973bab 00:18:04.790 --> 00:18:07.595 a lot to do busy people and so in NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 82ab8b51-1da1-4fa0-9a50-0ac510ac44af 00:18:07.595 --> 00:18:10.025 Mount Saint Helens they were they NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 15bb0592-8447-47e0-b9d3-1994ae12ef87 00:18:10.025 --> 00:18:11.790 notice some interesting things. NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 164385cc-d9c6-442e-a55a-f1648adc5489 00:18:11.790 --> 00:18:12.578 You know. NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 e9c7a5c6-ae07-4a1f-935f-4ec6dd251d5c 00:18:12.578 --> 00:18:14.942 For one thing they realize that NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 4f34dfd2-7c0b-47d1-86dd-e76be4e60e78 00:18:14.942 --> 00:18:17.559 the volcano didn't have many much NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 b7a629dd-a1e0-40d2-b189-28b8ac59a0c8 00:18:17.559 --> 00:18:19.307 vegetation growing on it. NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 82089edb-7765-4866-a22b-d89ae57d9148 00:18:19.310 --> 00:18:21.595 They realize that eruptions had NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 d80a9aad-905a-42c0-8c6b-e377d1b81821 00:18:21.595 --> 00:18:23.423 happened relatively recently and NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 8c6d0270-34b2-4d0f-b5d1-7d64457c40dc 00:18:23.423 --> 00:18:25.010 with great frequency. NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 ecc9106b-1891-4186-8591-48d279655ed5 00:18:25.010 --> 00:18:27.578 And they realized by again following NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 d6329072-6c03-4bb5-959f-349f0d7655a6 00:18:27.578 --> 00:18:30.196 that this time the airborne bread NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 db70dd78-672d-47db-b9be-7d29ca8790d0 00:18:30.196 --> 00:18:33.080 crumbs that the ash that they found NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 65736305-5551-4bd1-892b-7515fc812e8e 00:18:33.080 --> 00:18:35.759 on the slopes of Mount Rainier, NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 fd1eb847-abd6-45d7-8c3d-c2393dde1a6d 00:18:35.760 --> 00:18:38.340 the South, southern slips Mount Rainier, NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 b2d47dbe-388f-412d-b061-e19d77acaf52 00:18:38.340 --> 00:18:40.490 actually originated back at the NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 99364803-35ee-47b6-a435-1ad8db02487e 00:18:40.490 --> 00:18:41.780 Mount Saint Helens. NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 1020cbc2-5ab7-4bd5-8055-cb0016763206 00:18:41.780 --> 00:18:43.930 And that was just amazing. NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 9f392d4e-7ffa-49e0-9407-89d943ba7911 00:18:43.930 --> 00:18:48.556 So they were able to look at the frequency. NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 9d7fd104-96af-468d-afe0-d2948edbd091 00:18:48.560 --> 00:18:50.984 The approximate dates when the volcano NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 cca3c93e-8b28-4ac1-b6d9-47d448df4270 00:18:50.984 --> 00:18:53.560 had erupted and they realize that, NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 213a6479-3b6b-4ce5-a331-0507210445e1 00:18:53.560 --> 00:18:57.298 wow, we need to inform people so. NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 28240433-bd4b-4ee8-97d2-a2c8cd720cd0 00:18:57.300 --> 00:18:58.844 In February of 1975, NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 3f1b5484-c48c-4b00-a8b4-d5de882a81ee 00:18:58.844 --> 00:19:02.304 they wrote a an article in the journal NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 7b8c824e-c620-4374-b51e-5fce42dd7abd 00:19:02.304 --> 00:19:04.944 Science about Mount Saint Helens, NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 3dedde6b-abcb-4814-9e20-06fb33438a9e 00:19:04.950 --> 00:19:08.100 an it was an accompanying press release NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 b3bf5be8-e5a0-47bf-9ddf-e5c2a2c14827 00:19:08.100 --> 00:19:10.443 in February, February 27th, 1975. NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 22607e24-f05b-4deb-ae1e-193219cec91b 00:19:10.443 --> 00:19:13.810 It so that dormant mounting Helens will NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 b042f7ca-9c54-4b59-a3a3-f10da4395319 00:19:13.892 --> 00:19:17.100 erupt again and that it may erupt again, NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 14d228fa-e74d-4cfc-b09e-8dd20ae4db1a 00:19:17.100 --> 00:19:20.250 perhaps before the end of the century. NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 13aa0d53-c0ca-4329-920f-694e99cf4feb 00:19:20.250 --> 00:19:21.978 Now that was 1975. NOTE Confidence: 0.8439385 22e230ef-d321-4824-a454-434b25fae799 00:19:21.978 --> 00:19:24.570 Remember that a lot of people NOTE Confidence: 0.86380273 8a1bb64e-fde1-4371-9525-224fded124db 00:19:24.660 --> 00:19:27.033 quote 1978. They did write NOTE Confidence: 0.86380273 38112def-0455-45df-b355-51dac853dd8a 00:19:27.033 --> 00:19:29.338 a hazard assessment in 1978. NOTE Confidence: 0.86380273 0d06c85d-0339-4912-acb5-8f0d7a364056 00:19:29.340 --> 00:19:31.152 Two years before the eruption that NOTE Confidence: 0.86380273 6be11807-6ad1-4188-a662-daa1ff3f7f6b 00:19:31.152 --> 00:19:32.720 noted basically the same thing, NOTE Confidence: 0.86380273 55ed2eb4-e072-47e6-ae25-e174e2d5e9b4 00:19:32.720 --> 00:19:34.562 but this was their first sight NOTE Confidence: 0.86380273 02f747ca-35b9-46a6-9161-8269f9da58f5 00:19:34.562 --> 00:19:35.790 science article about it. NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 0492ee45-d5ad-4410-bc22-bc07d37586ab 00:19:38.280 --> 00:19:41.048 Then in March, less than one month later, NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 73490bd5-cac8-480c-9565-7b11d9a1562d 00:19:41.050 --> 00:19:44.498 I think it was about three weeks later. NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 0ff5ef43-658d-4c6f-98c3-9535c3954d10 00:19:44.500 --> 00:19:47.002 Increase steaming by an order of NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 1c659908-ab61-4e70-81f5-70c4ea4aa771 00:19:47.002 --> 00:19:49.769 magnitude began at Mount Baker volcano, NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 29eea9d1-ac16-47db-abeb-b49f8e91e0a0 00:19:49.770 --> 00:19:53.530 up by the Canadian border. NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 73712428-4051-4019-91fd-77dde5b04c37 00:19:53.530 --> 00:19:57.660 This was actually quite amazing because the. NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 21eb4a43-66ac-4c8f-a74b-f889e9975412 00:19:57.660 --> 00:19:59.856 This this large and there's a NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 cb58f2d4-3b10-4ef8-a124-1bcbc12c2c56 00:19:59.856 --> 00:20:02.709 lot of snow and ice that melted. NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 c4ac239b-767c-42c5-8f64-88c900c6a3b3 00:20:02.710 --> 00:20:05.286 It was, but mostly it was an NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 4cef901b-0616-43ab-82ff-b5d550881ecf 00:20:05.286 --> 00:20:07.172 opportunity for scientists of many NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 42a8fe37-0d24-4e8a-90db-e480a4ca5bca 00:20:07.172 --> 00:20:08.947 disciplines to come together and NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 31e15429-21ae-4726-b1cb-966f09cdfb06 00:20:08.947 --> 00:20:11.420 talk and get to know one another. NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 f25388c7-8f37-48a8-85a4-3394a8f93651 00:20:11.420 --> 00:20:14.990 You know a sensibly belt Mount Baker. NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 0ee0e9df-125a-4204-a8d6-f5b3abb84c6e 00:20:14.990 --> 00:20:17.646 There was a rocky crandall and there was NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 583f3e94-1616-44f8-8a13-3c5b9d586e5d 00:20:17.646 --> 00:20:20.034 done mullineaux these strategic graphers who NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 43829fe2-92d7-41f6-b9a6-771a1ea5ce04 00:20:20.034 --> 00:20:22.524 studied the layers of previous eruptions. NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 adfb6a6d-e9da-4589-91e6-9569975d8411 00:20:22.530 --> 00:20:25.134 There was Don Swanson, who was who NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 c424d1b2-e88a-4af3-9f8d-0613c262d92e 00:20:25.134 --> 00:20:27.430 looked at volcanoes in many aspects. NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 0ed0ab8c-c6c3-4224-a8bf-30d61aed3a99 00:20:27.430 --> 00:20:29.034 There was Mark Meyer, NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 c20b8693-a31e-4896-8e70-fd64ff838a7f 00:20:29.034 --> 00:20:31.960 the Glaci Ologist who was looking at it. NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 66888431-dfc1-4f1c-bd13-7e0ca3d20699 00:20:31.960 --> 00:20:33.468 There was Steve Malone, NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 3f3ce0dc-ddfb-43ab-ab9c-7f963c6480f9 00:20:33.468 --> 00:20:35.730 the seismologist there was David Frank, NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 70b4e585-dcbe-4b31-ba27-e942db49eb07 00:20:35.730 --> 00:20:38.514 who looked at the Thermo Dynamics NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 b602f733-6534-48fb-a1c4-54b4a2b8ab12 00:20:38.514 --> 00:20:40.930 and an others as well. NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 ba55bd9a-27b3-4015-8a0c-05cded3972c4 00:20:40.930 --> 00:20:42.146 So I've actually interviewed NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 668a705a-9b1c-4a50-b63b-bfae05e7d36a 00:20:42.146 --> 00:20:43.970 some of these people and asked, NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 6013dd89-0d7b-441f-a399-f502ff3b90dd 00:20:43.970 --> 00:20:44.540 you know, NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 b346f832-511e-425c-b7d7-f56fec0bcd95 00:20:44.540 --> 00:20:46.820 well what did it mean that you were NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 0f08905a-26c6-485f-9b18-ecd4bcec63f8 00:20:46.886 --> 00:20:48.976 all working together five years NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 691568c9-f3e4-4e0c-8d4f-172f4505eeb3 00:20:48.976 --> 00:20:51.066 before Mount Saint Helens erupted. NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 8d96437f-d51e-4a71-8143-deaf2c4db69e 00:20:51.070 --> 00:20:54.010 Steve Malone told me that UW seismologist NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 57bfcbb2-287b-4f5e-a526-96de7f3a5d2b 00:20:54.010 --> 00:20:56.510 that basically this was a dress NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 42ea80b4-6627-443d-a7df-ed87bbbedc35 00:20:56.510 --> 00:20:58.450 rehearsal for Mount Saint Helens. NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 5d5e62ed-d67a-4fba-ae62-2c4ec118c7bd 00:20:58.450 --> 00:21:01.320 Unknown at the time you understand this, NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 31d88cc3-82e3-4d09-8957-8b80fa39c7c8 00:21:01.320 --> 00:21:04.519 was the first USGS response to heightened NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 2026a557-7101-40ec-99ee-f394a7109121 00:21:04.519 --> 00:21:06.809 volcanic activity and the continuous NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 ff72fd5e-2d5f-413c-a288-98fbd860b21a 00:21:06.809 --> 00:21:09.742 US since Lassen Peak erupted in 1917. NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 383203d9-29d0-4bd0-b6a9-308eb6a3a01a 00:21:09.750 --> 00:21:12.108 Is a great time for introductions. NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 60d0fad8-fdfa-49f9-b482-d593d29a097e 00:21:12.110 --> 00:21:15.043 It was an opportunity to recognize also NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 928e7d63-3e5e-4b3c-a178-c48c055827e2 00:21:15.043 --> 00:21:17.619 how controversial a closure can be when NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 dcbe9715-df6b-4302-8daa-a3825a628c3d 00:21:17.619 --> 00:21:20.001 you try to close off the recreational NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 da648494-d6fe-4002-95d1-94d77d940ac0 00:21:20.001 --> 00:21:23.032 area in a region where people are NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 a391a727-f74b-4291-8614-51209683057e 00:21:23.032 --> 00:21:24.684 perhaps pretty independent already, NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 1e1d3320-26e5-4ed0-b062-e5087815982d 00:21:24.684 --> 00:21:26.644 there can be major implications, NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 77a2d320-470c-4871-99fc-e1e8ef9b9e5b 00:21:26.650 --> 00:21:27.763 and of course, NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 75eaa11b-f564-4fa1-b9ef-320c34a77b71 00:21:27.763 --> 00:21:30.360 now we know from many many eruptions NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 f6151690-4d69-4c99-a582-1df7ff2f11dc 00:21:30.434 --> 00:21:33.388 later looking at them around the world NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 5b8168fe-5186-4389-81c2-75a655ac3c62 00:21:33.388 --> 00:21:36.212 that every volcanic crisis turns into a NOTE Confidence: 0.9124034 f081b998-c060-4769-b244-7a910b666e1d 00:21:36.212 --> 00:21:39.230 little bit of a societal crisis as well. NOTE Confidence: 0.76588047 770e50f1-fcc0-4054-abf5-5f9033b7d133 00:21:41.610 --> 00:21:44.440 Right, so that was very NOTE Confidence: 0.76588047 9a1c2ec5-4821-4654-ba0c-e1123d9c5570 00:21:44.440 --> 00:21:47.270 fortuitous that those people met. NOTE Confidence: 0.76588047 d4b18404-19bc-4669-bd83-89636fd58de3 00:21:47.270 --> 00:21:50.816 There were other influences as well. NOTE Confidence: 0.76588047 be37b96e-f60c-4bb5-8a1f-d65afa0b3c05 00:21:50.820 --> 00:21:52.458 There were some that came from NOTE Confidence: 0.76588047 77db771e-3d45-45c8-a5a9-d197389a5aa0 00:21:52.458 --> 00:21:53.870 the Caribbean and you know. NOTE Confidence: 0.76588047 7ad915ef-8515-438d-8be7-e120fdedbb4f 00:21:53.870 --> 00:21:55.850 The world of vulcanology. NOTE Confidence: 0.76588047 aeda1da2-dd0c-4894-9976-dfb13f1544ad 00:21:55.850 --> 00:21:57.335 Study a volcano. NOTE Confidence: 0.76588047 aa23e47d-de73-485e-8c31-d90421801da6 00:21:57.340 --> 00:22:00.460 Science is relatively small community. NOTE Confidence: 0.76588047 6ad37897-1221-427f-a472-86bdb30bcb54 00:22:00.460 --> 00:22:02.325 It was even smaller back NOTE Confidence: 0.76588047 916afe44-0e35-4db3-a519-da112cd08b6c 00:22:02.325 --> 00:22:04.190 in the 1970s and 1980s. NOTE Confidence: 0.76588047 a3401f62-f87a-445d-95e8-558d3b92a7b9 00:22:04.190 --> 00:22:05.960 Everybody talked together and fortunately NOTE Confidence: 0.76588047 8de82996-b7a5-47fe-9c15-bc3898a6dd34 00:22:05.960 --> 00:22:09.410 we had a a good person at the Smithsonian, NOTE Confidence: 0.76588047 9e7216ff-5b54-472c-bde5-2af4e44548d3 00:22:09.410 --> 00:22:11.930 Richard Fisk, **** Fisk, who? NOTE Confidence: 0.76588047 7004adb8-4fc6-41b5-af46-b0d53136b0f0 00:22:11.930 --> 00:22:13.934 Attended some of these NOTE Confidence: 0.76588047 e0dac8ed-e493-47d3-b5d3-1326bdebb5e8 00:22:13.934 --> 00:22:15.437 international volcanic eruptions, NOTE Confidence: 0.76588047 ef16daef-dab1-4167-b844-59f83275a0f1 00:22:15.440 --> 00:22:18.530 so consider that in Guadalupe NOTE Confidence: 0.76588047 766ab3cf-9864-43bd-8dbc-4528823d12a9 00:22:18.530 --> 00:22:22.270 volcano in the Caribbean in 1976. NOTE Confidence: 0.76588047 cf37eb43-bd47-4a1c-b7ad-d62dad179dd9 00:22:22.270 --> 00:22:24.489 The scientist had a lot of issues NOTE Confidence: 0.76588047 1d44eb7b-9799-4a03-bf79-43b56cede5d9 00:22:24.489 --> 00:22:27.516 that they had ended up dealing with NOTE Confidence: 0.76588047 5e564d72-5d01-4d2c-890c-f5c78028d100 00:22:27.516 --> 00:22:29.516 with coordination among themselves NOTE Confidence: 0.76588047 62084a7a-6a98-47f4-8487-aa18f7d74c7e 00:22:29.516 --> 00:22:31.854 and communication with many others NOTE Confidence: 0.76588047 d5bccf46-12da-4883-924d-c7724b6058f4 00:22:31.854 --> 00:22:33.964 among themselves and with others. NOTE Confidence: 0.8473507 afa521b5-9660-49e0-8e2c-813f5af424c0 00:22:36.100 --> 00:22:39.064 So here's a here's a little NOTE Confidence: 0.8473507 d92df897-ceef-45d4-ac6f-dde4de36e6e4 00:22:39.064 --> 00:22:42.650 bit of the stat list here so. NOTE Confidence: 0.8473507 1b21ca07-5d19-49e7-8df2-3fb6fce5959a 00:22:42.650 --> 00:22:44.678 As this eruption loomed. NOTE Confidence: 0.8473507 10e67aea-e14f-4b05-ae49-ec41214f6ac8 00:22:44.678 --> 00:22:47.720 There was no coordination among scientists. NOTE Confidence: 0.8473507 9d9c8a4b-7f1c-46ce-af7e-c762fc83c265 00:22:47.720 --> 00:22:51.458 It was uncontrolled news media access area. NOTE Confidence: 0.8473507 0f31bb7b-4d58-478b-99c3-4b778f31cdd9 00:22:51.460 --> 00:22:53.395 There was minimal pre eruption NOTE Confidence: 0.8473507 79d9ff2f-7374-41cc-a153-116f8144c6a8 00:22:53.395 --> 00:22:54.943 monitoring was very slow. NOTE Confidence: 0.8473507 e22e0824-5a62-46ab-887c-45f20d1e3bcd 00:22:54.950 --> 00:22:57.358 Build up a back of volcanic activity NOTE Confidence: 0.8473507 08755970-31d6-4089-8774-f972809c776b 00:22:57.358 --> 00:22:59.610 so people were getting restless. NOTE Confidence: 0.8473507 b2d2c940-fc51-47fa-87e0-17c7a75983e3 00:22:59.610 --> 00:23:01.498 Although it did threaten NOTE Confidence: 0.8473507 3bf296ba-a895-4810-8559-71de6e001d50 00:23:01.498 --> 00:23:03.386 some some violent activity. NOTE Confidence: 0.8473507 d1be1670-1216-4e1a-a08a-c66ba43fb218 00:23:03.390 --> 00:23:05.682 There were imagine that your 2025 NOTE Confidence: 0.8473507 d52a207b-3566-4dfc-9ace-24d54b3c6300 00:23:05.682 --> 00:23:07.210 scientists and multiple scientific NOTE Confidence: 0.8473507 26426110-aafb-42dd-8910-9a8910d9e95e 00:23:07.269 --> 00:23:08.917 teams giving different interpretations NOTE Confidence: 0.8473507 b9719ff1-b2c7-457b-9911-5e1e47fd0201 00:23:08.917 --> 00:23:10.977 of what might be happening. NOTE Confidence: 0.8473507 34dc0db4-f933-40be-b260-91a5794bb9bb 00:23:10.980 --> 00:23:12.894 And then the journalists all had NOTE Confidence: 0.8473507 9ee1ee83-0b5a-444b-95b4-fc74850af7a6 00:23:12.894 --> 00:23:14.715 unlimited access to all these NOTE Confidence: 0.8473507 b2f79853-8f5b-4151-a43b-00bbc0c8e42d 00:23:14.715 --> 00:23:16.167 different scientific groups. NOTE Confidence: 0.8473507 d703b780-3fc3-40b4-a3d0-1f978daa6e23 00:23:16.170 --> 00:23:19.794 Throw into that the fact that as a. NOTE Confidence: 0.8473507 5b8c0944-25fe-4c48-96ed-13fbbb20d9aa 00:23:19.800 --> 00:23:22.236 As some additional analysis of the NOTE Confidence: 0.8473507 c341ae2a-4270-4010-a625-4b8c7a502a8b 00:23:22.236 --> 00:23:24.659 of the volcanic rocks were made, NOTE Confidence: 0.8473507 8effbbb9-9547-4092-a0f3-5e8f35fc9642 00:23:24.660 --> 00:23:26.904 it was determined that we might NOTE Confidence: 0.8473507 7d78bb48-08a5-4ee5-b884-b658cc35df85 00:23:26.904 --> 00:23:29.120 have a very explicit eruption, NOTE Confidence: 0.8473507 ce30a759-6bb5-4458-ac71-0075b146ed60 00:23:29.120 --> 00:23:32.648 and so there was a very controversial NOTE Confidence: 0.8473507 4f14f45b-d6cb-481e-be4b-94a8d81b142f 00:23:32.648 --> 00:23:34.860 evacuation of 77,000 people. NOTE Confidence: 0.8473507 2fc33278-6113-4f66-a42d-fc176ac2c9a5 00:23:34.860 --> 00:23:36.900 And anytime you evacuate people, NOTE Confidence: 0.8473507 f6fed3d5-594a-410b-9c91-b80cc7570956 00:23:36.900 --> 00:23:39.756 you're looking at a very difficult situation. NOTE Confidence: 0.8473507 133c1977-14db-402a-89eb-1a90800d434e 00:23:39.760 --> 00:23:42.280 Now you're now you have crowd control NOTE Confidence: 0.8473507 2e3bf553-bd13-4b98-8cbe-de4a0b452bfd 00:23:42.280 --> 00:23:45.469 as well as Volcano control to address. NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 691bb3f5-edb0-4303-b6a3-8417753e9a2d 00:23:47.910 --> 00:23:50.394 1979 The nearby island of Saint NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 bdcfa1a4-33e2-48af-9047-2d5ff4308abe 00:23:50.394 --> 00:23:52.654 Vincent the the another eruption NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 347cb8a3-c9dd-4104-ab5e-0ca46318a7d0 00:23:52.654 --> 00:23:55.289 threatened an for this situation. NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 717ac363-4fdc-48db-84d7-bf7425390cab 00:23:55.290 --> 00:23:58.970 The threat was a little bit more apparent. NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 3ea93a25-863b-4f3b-abde-1b7a686b0004 00:23:58.970 --> 00:24:00.814 There was better coordination. NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 c0fa9d3a-a070-4d43-ad57-751f811a1452 00:24:00.814 --> 00:24:03.119 There was a successful evacuation. NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 a8784dbb-a94d-4e6b-ba00-a08c22940693 00:24:03.120 --> 00:24:07.677 Here's a stat sheet on it that. NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 79f0d158-cce4-4c88-91d2-f272908a869f 00:24:07.680 --> 00:24:09.720 Now everybody had looked at NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 d7475af9-b940-4fc5-a85d-5a00d355d68b 00:24:09.720 --> 00:24:11.352 what happened in Guadalupe. NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 772729fd-ac3f-4ec8-b21a-791a23bcdb6b 00:24:11.360 --> 00:24:13.820 Recognize that you know Aquada Lupe, NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 fa72fad5-23ab-434b-925e-18357653f4c5 00:24:13.820 --> 00:24:17.100 lots for Duluth, the the. NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 0cba009c-2eb0-42b6-8160-be0feddd6ca6 00:24:17.100 --> 00:24:19.445 This scientist this dispute between NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 23cf3be7-5d69-4364-91ae-85d8d6f5888d 00:24:19.445 --> 00:24:21.790 scientists actually became the principle NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 4cf6d97e-c402-4f93-a1c8-4e76705dd3b9 00:24:21.857 --> 00:24:24.020 news media story an nobody in 1979, NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 4a496ec2-f6f8-4fa4-b7b7-f211117af783 00:24:24.020 --> 00:24:27.844 one of that that happened at Saint Vincent. NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 7cdae544-4569-44bb-9ae3-71ffb832d8cb 00:24:27.850 --> 00:24:31.342 So maybe they overreacted a little bit at a. NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 d661ab8d-818e-4713-8706-50ac7290e6aa 00:24:31.350 --> 00:24:34.066 There had been in 1971 eruption there, NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 01b56366-bdb8-4eca-8771-fc16a45a56a7 00:24:34.070 --> 00:24:36.373 so the populace was a little bit NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 cfa746b3-c7cf-4469-a289-a58da2b93dae 00:24:36.373 --> 00:24:37.951 more believing that additional NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 4fbc2908-80b3-49f5-81d5-94ca7f09c4ac 00:24:37.951 --> 00:24:40.300 eruption could happen, there was, NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 0407fd77-0b1c-4943-b389-26958274909a 00:24:40.300 --> 00:24:41.858 uh, you know, quick, NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 ed27639a-84bb-4084-85a3-9acaa041a4cc 00:24:41.858 --> 00:24:43.798 pretty quick buildup of activity, NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 7551a8a5-8c44-4bd7-85c5-7cd50e93ae68 00:24:43.800 --> 00:24:46.516 but there was only one coordinated Cyantific NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 ff070ff1-cc00-47b4-bffd-c8f79923aaf4 00:24:46.516 --> 00:24:49.880 team, and so they gave one interpretation. NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 d292071e-8c47-4087-92a7-62e270108097 00:24:49.880 --> 00:24:51.540 It was presented through NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 43265177-8932-41b0-80ce-02af4a03882b 00:24:51.540 --> 00:24:52.370 scientific consensus. NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 467bf089-5581-4e08-bc19-827db6c06a4d 00:24:52.370 --> 00:24:54.030 It was very straightforward. NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 a30f0d35-9bf4-40ab-ad0e-54df0a358ef6 00:24:54.030 --> 00:24:55.275 Interestingly enough, though, NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 0d47df5a-23c7-4a26-80b8-a6dbcb593625 00:24:55.275 --> 00:24:58.180 only the governor was allowed to talk, NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 3db9782f-3e93-4278-9911-a0249026837e 00:24:58.180 --> 00:25:00.784 and the governor relayed the science NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 b224d668-da16-4510-94c6-37f3891f9086 00:25:00.784 --> 00:25:03.342 information from the scientist to the NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 90bcafdb-6acf-4bd3-a0a6-ba71cc12a9cf 00:25:03.342 --> 00:25:05.237 journalist he spoke for everybody. NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 46736014-1c43-441a-9de9-b90e7635d186 00:25:05.240 --> 00:25:08.915 So there was single stream of information. NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 9265fedf-80d7-471d-8152-c453178f0ec2 00:25:08.920 --> 00:25:10.520 And nobody was given NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 9aa0b3e3-d1f2-4875-8192-74096dbdad58 00:25:10.520 --> 00:25:12.520 access to the Hazard area, NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 4b596d2e-048a-470e-af9a-2170666cbfcd 00:25:12.520 --> 00:25:15.320 so nobody was completely happy with this. NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 fb503dec-0f0d-47f4-b39c-a52832aa444b 00:25:15.320 --> 00:25:17.570 Seems an overreaction. NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 3f5671ad-f81b-4c98-83ac-1f39eabe8578 00:25:17.570 --> 00:25:18.054 Uhm? NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 9263e136-67cd-4dc6-91fc-993562f057b8 00:25:18.054 --> 00:25:20.958 One reporter did threaten to blow NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 d3f1bace-d1fe-4bd8-8be5-296372d52246 00:25:20.958 --> 00:25:23.628 the whistle and say that there NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 3e5de6e1-0723-481c-94e2-5f567c1dbfb0 00:25:23.628 --> 00:25:26.921 was a cover up going on and the NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 f3d94b81-ca6c-4f6b-bf73-6d91ed209da2 00:25:26.921 --> 00:25:29.756 governor just simply deported him. NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 cd86cb2e-f99f-42c7-a9ee-dbac13db7298 00:25:29.760 --> 00:25:32.385 Now in the United States we were NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 8ae6ef23-ec1a-4c3c-9371-1aabd27d805f 00:25:32.385 --> 00:25:34.644 watching this, you know, nineteen 7679? NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 57d1aff6-ee48-4b93-afee-142debb292ef 00:25:34.644 --> 00:25:36.148 What were we doing? NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 24473267-a467-4e6c-99c8-8145c0a4aeb8 00:25:36.150 --> 00:25:38.030 We're watching a hostage crisis. NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 bf893927-6e76-43a7-8d4e-2f69fc16f848 00:25:38.030 --> 00:25:40.286 We were watching the you know, NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 b07e6d8b-aa95-40ce-b67e-77815b84dac9 00:25:40.290 --> 00:25:41.794 participating in the Bicentennial NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 05783a1a-7ae4-4df5-becc-6a22553a6f8e 00:25:41.794 --> 00:25:44.050 and the United States in 1976, NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 f14db6eb-ee18-4194-8358-eebb5b126564 00:25:44.050 --> 00:25:45.800 but the scientists were watching NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 8c9ae222-3e1a-4752-bc27-1c1a77198a5a 00:25:45.800 --> 00:25:48.560 an by the time 1980 rolled around. NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 54fe2729-f69f-471b-a488-2d008b8c4012 00:25:48.560 --> 00:25:50.575 Everyone in the scientific community NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 c331b1eb-c85a-4a14-a093-e7735d885493 00:25:50.575 --> 00:25:53.049 was was thinking about what had NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 a7ea978e-5bd9-4471-a70e-289e8aa49abd 00:25:53.049 --> 00:25:54.999 happened at these two volcanoes NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 1cc2a320-232b-4c6d-807f-e0cba9cecb1d 00:25:54.999 --> 00:25:56.938 and realizing that neither was NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 da36cd20-6398-4c98-8408-b441525f4792 00:25:56.938 --> 00:25:59.087 really ideal for how we would deal, NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 3da429f5-1c39-47ac-975e-c2fe3e76eef5 00:25:59.090 --> 00:26:01.406 how we would communicate during eruption. NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 4169b344-5367-47e9-96a3-b3f4d2c42273 00:26:01.410 --> 00:26:03.610 In the United States. NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 08f536a1-96d5-4aba-b925-78b017705a9f 00:26:03.610 --> 00:26:05.724 OK, let's move out of the Caribbean. NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 365e57a4-ed11-4e72-b406-6d4fa7f36e70 00:26:05.730 --> 00:26:08.080 Let's come back to her. NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 6751e296-c415-4d97-93ce-50e2adee50bc 00:26:08.080 --> 00:26:10.288 Maybe our favorite part of the NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 7ae04e3f-4f0d-427b-b79f-a917d75e2a9f 00:26:10.288 --> 00:26:12.589 planet on the West Coast and NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 1228a75e-1cbf-4fdc-b8a6-1d5fc56a005b 00:26:12.589 --> 00:26:14.464 go to Mount Saint Helens. NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 59609f96-6f0a-428d-b8d8-cab5394941ec 00:26:14.470 --> 00:26:16.892 There there it is in all its NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 38dc175f-6437-4a95-b4f1-9eda7ef9b1b0 00:26:16.892 --> 00:26:18.980 beauty of over Spirit Lake. NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 07763d96-d404-47e9-abfd-60116a58a14f 00:26:18.980 --> 00:26:21.822 It was a favorite place for recreation NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 ad408327-8e44-4a1e-a8e5-d86bc783c26c 00:26:21.822 --> 00:26:24.478 and had been for many decades. NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 f6e2ddb0-00e9-4440-9bad-d6481d7999e3 00:26:24.480 --> 00:26:27.730 The public officials maybe didn't NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 3f620ba4-0f94-4261-8296-98dbe3f6f6fb 00:26:27.730 --> 00:26:32.170 recognize fully the hazards that were there. NOTE Confidence: 0.83817416 b96c5305-5125-4e37-934f-0f580f96f733 00:26:32.170 --> 00:26:32.730 See. NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 ed6aa414-48a6-46a5-8404-9ef3020e029b 00:26:35.600 --> 00:26:44.764 OK. And I should mention also that in 1978. NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 99da863e-3bb6-4ca6-9524-bfd2c2fed648 00:26:44.770 --> 00:26:47.836 Uh, with the hazard assessment for NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 cb7c885d-e6f4-4256-96ee-71c69f0dd306 00:26:47.836 --> 00:26:51.179 mounting Helens that had been released. NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 517eef79-3b6b-4415-876e-29a6ce2d48d8 00:26:51.180 --> 00:26:52.596 Rocky Crandall and others. NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 76b9acca-6daf-4d2f-80c8-7a7f18038946 00:26:52.596 --> 00:26:55.201 Did carry it around to a public NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 15634421-b318-4eaf-a46e-973d0104bf17 00:26:55.201 --> 00:26:57.619 officials in South West Washington and NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 f3c2c2c3-5b9f-4979-a1fa-2671e07ed1c3 00:26:57.619 --> 00:27:00.743 at the state level and told him about NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 44fb6d25-f960-44b6-8f48-287cc607ff99 00:27:00.743 --> 00:27:03.240 this hazard an everyone said oh great. NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 8c0cb237-723f-46b1-8ce1-3fb21af5543a 00:27:03.240 --> 00:27:04.540 Thank you, you know, NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 9055ade8-3ca6-4f63-ae54-46b6c3f7aa85 00:27:04.540 --> 00:27:06.170 thank you for this information. NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 b05390e6-11ff-4669-bf0b-18e396566bbe 00:27:06.170 --> 00:27:07.800 What is a pyroclastic flow? NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 d79e862d-8b51-44d8-a8df-358e72d23281 00:27:07.800 --> 00:27:08.958 OK well thanks. NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 e408ae9c-e102-4317-b8d2-4a95ea1b710e 00:27:08.958 --> 00:27:11.660 Will deal with this when we need NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 c0c0df8c-430a-4748-89d3-d99441f78d71 00:27:11.746 --> 00:27:14.350 to and they open their metal NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 f38d0958-14b3-481f-b635-2d49d6fbb234 00:27:14.350 --> 00:27:16.899 filing cabinets and filed the plan. NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 79f61c97-06e9-40c7-8994-0def755f0e03 00:27:16.900 --> 00:27:21.394 So that was kind of interesting so. NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 395a7c40-c4f3-4a52-b2da-42ba0c939b4b 00:27:21.400 --> 00:27:23.822 Let's look at the stat sheet for NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 c67f0dcf-c592-476a-936a-89fbc0aa0f19 00:27:23.822 --> 00:27:26.269 Mount Saint Helens in 1980 as people NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 ece44d82-46b7-498c-b83e-13769e909f4f 00:27:26.269 --> 00:27:28.713 are recreating down at the base and NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 71571f30-7cf0-4f89-9cbe-8834f4f437e9 00:27:28.713 --> 00:27:30.957 there was no place based Volcano NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 fc687b80-b5db-4a02-a3f0-af1b0e485820 00:27:30.957 --> 00:27:32.948 Observatory in the Cascade Range. NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 0687d974-745d-4ac3-a393-e9b358541875 00:27:32.948 --> 00:27:35.986 It was really a minimal amount of NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 a9ef0ad8-5851-4b06-91e9-7b3a07658f0a 00:27:35.986 --> 00:27:38.039 communication with public officials. NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 22990a49-9efe-4ec5-a1c2-34c8078851ac 00:27:38.040 --> 00:27:40.540 Minimal volcano monitoring in the NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 4870f044-c842-46c8-ac4c-99527d5b3dc1 00:27:40.540 --> 00:27:43.732 Cascade Range and and no valid NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 b9372432-98c5-4003-bde7-4c0cdd47ab1e 00:27:43.732 --> 00:27:44.938 emergency plan. NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 02040108-e457-4e6f-bd4d-00453bf04de6 00:27:44.940 --> 00:27:46.672 It was, you know, NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 5da578d1-4b66-4f34-9c05-3581f8c691df 00:27:46.672 --> 00:27:47.538 well exercise, NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 cb172414-84d5-4309-b0ac-f5317fd3cf92 00:27:47.540 --> 00:27:51.070 no interagency communication plan and. NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 64c1751b-245b-42d1-b0c0-ff314486bd0f 00:27:51.070 --> 00:27:52.432 No community education. NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 95d24813-7825-4987-ab4a-e0e5f6e8503f 00:27:52.432 --> 00:27:54.702 Basically the science and the NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 ff563172-9028-4358-9941-ee138b081935 00:27:54.702 --> 00:27:56.011 scientific disciplines were NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 2b429768-ab77-4e3d-bde7-1a37d85e9aa2 00:27:56.011 --> 00:27:58.057 somewhat siloed one from the other. NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 03c85a11-dda4-4491-b275-86b1ffdf610f 00:27:58.060 --> 00:28:01.050 This seismologist worked together in NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 9665ff49-92b5-493d-b4f5-7700dc8a7010 00:28:01.050 --> 00:28:05.068 the defamation group is and on and on. NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 2f1f7655-ebf8-4413-98b6-4a7434652912 00:28:05.070 --> 00:28:05.467 Alright, NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 098b4498-c32e-4502-b173-1f8460b41a45 00:28:05.467 --> 00:28:09.040 So what were we the people thinking in 1980? NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 4de83d1a-b5c2-425c-98d6-b8a990b6adb9 00:28:09.040 --> 00:28:09.475 Well, NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 1c9d996f-a731-4f43-be1d-8b12a7160f1c 00:28:09.475 --> 00:28:12.085 we were mostly concerned with some NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 b3cad644-d36e-49d6-af65-20214f8aa411 00:28:12.085 --> 00:28:14.157 pretty depressing news that was NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 8eaee430-37c2-457e-ae5a-f8bace622c98 00:28:14.157 --> 00:28:16.572 happening in the spring of 1980 and, NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 1203aede-6fc2-4ee8-82d9-7cda0c3bd6ed 00:28:16.580 --> 00:28:17.336 you know, NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 f479264e-2888-41b8-9e64-614a3b4433ce 00:28:17.336 --> 00:28:19.982 we had the rescue that the aborted NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 3b63cc92-44a2-4403-ad2a-f9d2d1393ef4 00:28:19.982 --> 00:28:22.071 rescue mission to collect US NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 2cd8747b-40b9-4705-baac-ee0aa680755f 00:28:22.071 --> 00:28:24.519 hostages held being held in Iran. NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 520a845e-d804-4e49-9881-0f403162e502 00:28:24.520 --> 00:28:27.264 We had a major in an uncontrolled NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 67a04751-76ca-43e8-a2da-6ffc6e539089 00:28:27.264 --> 00:28:29.577 influx of refugees from Cuba and NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 ffb02094-5928-41d1-b97f-c1e5884051bd 00:28:29.577 --> 00:28:32.055 it was a very political issue and NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 7d67860f-084c-49e0-acb3-230b34c63f77 00:28:32.133 --> 00:28:34.707 maybe as much as anything everyone NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 7dc8851c-6108-4e9e-a56d-692e9028e941 00:28:34.707 --> 00:28:37.456 was concerned with the TV show. NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 157ae605-45d0-4cf4-9659-d74380b13eeb 00:28:37.456 --> 00:28:37.969 Dallas, NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 de845b8a-a8c6-40a1-bd5f-e851addd5ab8 00:28:37.969 --> 00:28:41.560 and they're wondering who had shot Jr. NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 c5359124-7c01-448c-8e10-ce63e959a706 00:28:41.560 --> 00:28:44.269 So it came as a little bit of a NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 da6584a5-55b6-4061-9ef1-43c5324a8da9 00:28:44.269 --> 00:28:46.318 welcome diversion that there was NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 a9993e37-ba2c-448d-838a-e73219c8e172 00:28:46.318 --> 00:28:49.362 a new and exciting drama that was NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 457cb289-5dbe-4aef-bcb5-00bc584ac221 00:28:49.362 --> 00:28:51.677 coming when people heard about NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 903b4b4e-bc8c-4862-8e8f-529f249de494 00:28:51.677 --> 00:28:53.066 Mount Saint Helens. NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 a97effc1-0de5-4851-bd17-77da3874148e 00:28:53.070 --> 00:28:53.916 The March 20th, NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 d942cf2e-d151-42e7-a0cf-93b8b97c2341 00:28:53.916 --> 00:28:55.890 1980 is is commonly given as the NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 638c23a4-3d24-4f6c-b96d-257edc01ce8f 00:28:55.958 --> 00:28:57.794 date when Mount Saint Helens awaken NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 e4ee1b64-195b-42f4-ac72-ec7db7545e04 00:28:57.794 --> 00:28:59.790 with a flurry of earthquakes. NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 7f914623-a9fc-487e-9bcc-61b706fb023a 00:28:59.790 --> 00:29:01.482 Although we look back on March NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 3304d4f9-3806-4f17-a13d-b0eac011b5c1 00:29:01.482 --> 00:29:04.253 16th and we can see that there were NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 f3bb3e56-caa1-482f-8f43-d76c8bf5e994 00:29:04.253 --> 00:29:06.218 earthquakes or maybe questionable is NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 fa5db306-7761-418b-b939-ce7806bbbf04 00:29:06.218 --> 00:29:08.398 melting Helens related at that time? NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 02adc537-e04e-4a97-870f-ab30d14be053 00:29:08.400 --> 00:29:10.328 UW University of Washington NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 34e753e4-41a4-4aaf-853c-f30e98d33c55 00:29:10.328 --> 00:29:12.738 Seismology Steve Malone says this NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 91e975f7-cec6-4ea4-93db-bb1cff3c07bd 00:29:12.738 --> 00:29:15.884 was a time that we were just living NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 b21bd365-43af-44ee-bbd2-53c6d46aedac 00:29:15.884 --> 00:29:18.576 on adrenaline when preparing for this NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 2004b694-3843-45c5-8c89-4fc29a27035c 00:29:18.576 --> 00:29:21.076 talk and some others presentations. NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 eccf644f-9d4e-4bc4-b2fc-2ab995cd8e9f 00:29:21.080 --> 00:29:23.345 I went back and interviewed NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 f75a4ecc-0cd4-4f45-b18b-c85a32bae902 00:29:23.345 --> 00:29:25.157 Steve and you know, NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 0ad4ab3e-0afe-4ddf-a366-830736445cfb 00:29:25.160 --> 00:29:29.087 half dozen more others from that era. NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 497e4fdb-122a-43cd-8662-902d8c0d4167 00:29:29.090 --> 00:29:31.090 I he told me that, NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 786a6ba3-d104-4be1-86d6-110083b9c702 00:29:31.090 --> 00:29:31.473 well, NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 60846952-fb42-4751-a27b-648f674e603d 00:29:31.473 --> 00:29:34.154 you know there's a whole Side Story NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 ca03465c-9a22-40c0-843e-9c005cf24e62 00:29:34.154 --> 00:29:36.910 that comes with Steve Malone and maybe NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 5e12c7dc-5a1c-4ac5-894a-91894089464e 00:29:36.910 --> 00:29:39.490 that will be for another telling, NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 b121bb80-cfe1-4126-891d-ca23e06ef8a8 00:29:39.490 --> 00:29:40.236 but overall, NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 c05016a5-8b90-4a9d-a1b9-8937bf1d3e0c 00:29:40.236 --> 00:29:42.474 you know there's a lot of NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 f4e9ddf1-6175-4ea8-bf35-8254aca89139 00:29:42.474 --> 00:29:43.890 coincidences that happened. NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 54b700b1-f9df-43fb-b6ba-0d90861237ed 00:29:43.890 --> 00:29:47.090 He had just ordered a lot of seismographs. NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 1802b21d-92d6-4610-a24f-2fb4a3e7817b 00:29:47.090 --> 00:29:49.328 Excuse me seismometers that he was NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 6d42605a-fd8b-4232-aca5-5ac71ca18ee5 00:29:49.328 --> 00:29:51.790 planning to set out elsewhere in NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 b22b747e-b0fa-407b-be93-0a24dd890763 00:29:51.790 --> 00:29:53.932 the Cascades, Washington and Oregon. NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 2dc11012-728a-462b-82df-157d07af26ef 00:29:53.932 --> 00:29:57.254 The 1st March 1st the the first of NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 18b81ce0-b5ec-45e5-9459-3299e33a581e 00:29:57.254 --> 00:30:00.018 the relay data. Seismometers went on line. NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 9de656f7-8563-42cd-913f-052c42e363b0 00:30:00.018 --> 00:30:02.178 Although at Mount Saint Helens, NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 f15f804a-cf39-4a3a-8656-59aa57da51b8 00:30:02.180 --> 00:30:03.408 we still had a, NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 d4490236-016f-4696-a751-97d2cd0170a9 00:30:03.408 --> 00:30:05.844 you know as an old time seismograph NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 a865d51b-1c2a-49f2-8ff4-b54e6a4590af 00:30:05.844 --> 00:30:07.892 seismometer that needed to NOTE Confidence: 0.83415616 58ff5494-88e9-4719-aa58-ccfe4729be7e 00:30:07.892 --> 00:30:10.452 have its its record change NOTE Confidence: 0.7997401 8179eee4-caee-495f-a675-63529349bc16 00:30:10.532 --> 00:30:11.948 from time to time. NOTE Confidence: 0.7997401 c73ea55c-d519-4556-b9fa-1a763517f90c 00:30:11.950 --> 00:30:15.086 So activity with it was fast and furious, NOTE Confidence: 0.7997401 904d18ae-f4be-47bb-b26b-500651c7d737 00:30:15.090 --> 00:30:17.376 and I actually remember that afternoon NOTE Confidence: 0.7997401 e63cd2c5-be07-4360-908a-dab5f679f830 00:30:17.376 --> 00:30:19.790 of March 20th because Steve Malone, NOTE Confidence: 0.7997401 f2e54268-db4e-4848-a3e5-a646028c9c11 00:30:19.790 --> 00:30:22.022 knowing my supervisor Mark Meyer because NOTE Confidence: 0.7997401 753c312f-c5d2-4763-9768-6fef4d2c8cd2 00:30:22.022 --> 00:30:24.490 they worked at Mount Baker together. NOTE Confidence: 0.7997401 8ffaa3c1-fd27-4e20-84da-df34c39e3a4e 00:30:24.490 --> 00:30:25.699 Yeah, he called. NOTE Confidence: 0.7997401 26f16a77-8323-4f81-9efa-9aa90b76a6b7 00:30:25.699 --> 00:30:28.810 Mark and Mark relayed the information to us. NOTE Confidence: 0.7997401 57c20a9e-dd2f-479e-997b-a10c7b8f3558 00:30:28.810 --> 00:30:31.938 He came walking down the hallway and said, NOTE Confidence: 0.7997401 070bc35c-97fa-4142-9b29-69fc0b630eb3 00:30:31.940 --> 00:30:34.656 guess what? We have a series of NOTE Confidence: 0.7997401 bab22dc5-2ba2-4743-b8d4-286709c6b79b 00:30:34.656 --> 00:30:36.829 earthquakes that Mount Saint Helens. NOTE Confidence: 0.7997401 fb3599bb-4da6-422c-bfc3-70ed1fc15ea8 00:30:36.830 --> 00:30:38.693 It may lead to something and it may not, NOTE Confidence: 0.7997401 b5f92f44-cbec-4810-9a0e-dc71f4f3d869 00:30:38.700 --> 00:30:40.164 but we're going to do all NOTE Confidence: 0.7997401 6e617bb8-0aa4-42e0-963b-0989474b6583 00:30:40.164 --> 00:30:41.820 that we can to help them. NOTE Confidence: 0.7997401 bd87eba6-7f61-4a8e-800a-060230d1969d 00:30:41.820 --> 00:30:43.734 We're going to offer them the NOTE Confidence: 0.7997401 83be7548-44c3-4610-a7c1-b13d72590a88 00:30:43.734 --> 00:30:45.700 loan of equipment and personnel. NOTE Confidence: 0.7997401 73980027-dcc3-4e26-bdc9-9b884d650019 00:30:45.700 --> 00:30:46.828 We will take. NOTE Confidence: 0.7997401 26961a87-a29c-4a82-a674-cadfc1a3edbb 00:30:46.828 --> 00:30:48.708 Aerial photos will lend him NOTE Confidence: 0.7997401 9ed728f2-41f1-4d23-8c92-dfa72e8f8ddb 00:30:48.708 --> 00:30:50.810 our knowledge of the area and NOTE Confidence: 0.7997401 ae1b8de2-6b1e-4302-abfd-27888ec7ea8a 00:30:50.810 --> 00:30:52.405 do everything that we can. NOTE Confidence: 0.7997401 70d80816-bac2-4528-a981-65e450a36fab 00:30:52.410 --> 00:30:54.962 So there is in the lower left hand NOTE Confidence: 0.7997401 bfc72be4-4f42-4ba9-a0e6-67294f5cf842 00:30:54.962 --> 00:30:57.453 corner is one of those early photos NOTE Confidence: 0.7997401 8bc62889-7689-489c-8415-e57630f70301 00:30:57.453 --> 00:31:00.179 taken by Austin Post or Bob Krimmel, NOTE Confidence: 0.7997401 9c727d25-b126-4a1d-86c8-1feafea67485 00:31:00.180 --> 00:31:02.700 and this shows the crack that formed NOTE Confidence: 0.7997401 f10154e7-4b70-4631-a4db-5ba9905e354c 00:31:02.700 --> 00:31:04.770 across the creator on March 27th. NOTE Confidence: 0.7997401 c7288509-51db-428a-8f60-ada12906f644 00:31:04.770 --> 00:31:07.674 Actually split open in a in a pita NOTE Confidence: 0.7997401 1638b4d5-5ab6-4332-be16-b0860d772c50 00:31:07.674 --> 00:31:10.056 pit creator you see on the left. NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 58fd3422-d87b-48a7-a59e-3f8e006f3016 00:31:12.610 --> 00:31:15.284 OK, so now we've talked about how NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 0df6d5dc-3fc6-4bd4-8dbf-bf86ce5d5dda 00:31:15.284 --> 00:31:16.886 some previous people's experience NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 63601cbe-8239-420f-9e19-d3acf5b454e0 00:31:16.886 --> 00:31:19.560 and the meeting at Mount Baker and NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 555ea794-5928-4c5f-9da5-79b8c7b75abb 00:31:19.560 --> 00:31:21.967 the events in the Caribbean about. NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 cd4ef40c-f307-4111-b107-2cc9ddeae27f 00:31:21.970 --> 00:31:24.970 Poor coordination and communication NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 e0e612b2-eadd-40d6-8b19-e245aac239d2 00:31:24.970 --> 00:31:30.820 or or excess? Troll, yeah. NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 4556bf96-70a6-4251-91ee-0045c573d631 00:31:30.820 --> 00:31:33.788 Had happened and people had observed that. NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 5712fe2d-9a42-4491-befe-62335c8d8a18 00:31:33.790 --> 00:31:36.838 And wondered how we would deal with an NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 4b90d532-85d1-4f4a-b642-aa3fe77e1783 00:31:36.838 --> 00:31:39.887 eruption in the contiguous United States. NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 d18daaba-3d27-4f1f-b5cb-97fb1fc44bc6 00:31:39.890 --> 00:31:42.562 Well, so how did the threat of forest NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 8aaf192f-22a3-4bdf-8041-1d4e25383c5d 00:31:42.562 --> 00:31:45.087 fires in the Gifford Pinchot National NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 7c1afd5a-637b-42b9-9d1b-7ee8a5c585cf 00:31:45.087 --> 00:31:48.480 Forest prepare us for a volcanic eruption? NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 5bfc016c-0ba7-41d5-84c3-db3d5adcb608 00:31:48.480 --> 00:31:51.336 Fortunately, the Forest Service had a very, NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 1eab9f83-0223-4ed8-b046-440d6e7b1322 00:31:51.340 --> 00:31:54.210 very high value stand of old growth. NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 73da5ca6-76ff-488d-94cf-fdf4a945109c 00:31:54.210 --> 00:31:56.870 Cedar and Doug fir. NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 9827704f-afab-4af4-9c7e-73dbe1ccc646 00:31:56.870 --> 00:31:59.018 In within the forest boundaries and, NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 cd78cc5f-991d-40b5-9a47-f980ae834e57 00:31:59.020 --> 00:32:01.519 they treated that as a diamond treasure. NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 d706b5c3-2636-4600-8142-886bb1279a9d 00:32:01.520 --> 00:32:04.257 They did not want to see that NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 cce8a1eb-7c5b-4dc8-a833-cdc93a9c0f4b 00:32:04.257 --> 00:32:06.260 go up in flames. NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 b234062a-ad37-4123-8f74-14b12c4c8b0e 00:32:06.260 --> 00:32:10.724 Or the money that would be reaped by NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 aef3ae2f-788c-4a6d-835c-67bc1c143cb2 00:32:10.724 --> 00:32:14.689 by selling that so they were very, NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 27eeb013-5540-4b98-8086-01d1552ecd78 00:32:14.690 --> 00:32:17.522 very careful with creating an incident NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 7af2fd02-56ff-4401-a022-ad1ed4f2cfa0 00:32:17.522 --> 00:32:20.889 command system of very efficient effective NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 2ac9dfd8-4c5a-436c-a9e1-1ab56cd1c261 00:32:20.889 --> 00:32:23.677 command and control communication. NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 185f6429-7ce8-4f66-8237-35bae59e72d4 00:32:23.680 --> 00:32:25.928 Everyone well trained and NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 e836c19f-8f9d-4a3e-ae30-ad31d8defe9d 00:32:25.928 --> 00:32:27.614 knowing their roles. NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 66af811c-09fa-433d-ad49-ef04447498cb 00:32:27.620 --> 00:32:32.002 Having a variable practice framework for how NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 720ba87a-a8ee-4f7a-a489-2ede6ded8cdc 00:32:32.002 --> 00:32:36.705 they would deal with a forest fire and so. NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 792bd864-f80d-4c47-b33d-acc03247ed50 00:32:36.710 --> 00:32:38.502 When Mount Saint Helens NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 0e09d67e-843c-4d8c-8070-084d57c5af14 00:32:38.502 --> 00:32:40.294 showed signs of activity, NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 6d5e7c86-2469-4fdf-87cc-6bc8c2e84167 00:32:40.300 --> 00:32:42.180 Don Mullineaux, Rocky Crandall, NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 3d3c8c72-8cfc-4295-98d6-3d79567c622a 00:32:42.180 --> 00:32:45.000 you know there's some among Bob NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 5cf212bb-ce02-44f4-91f9-8ddf01431828 00:32:45.076 --> 00:32:47.240 Christianson and many others. NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 b41ac84f-d047-4a56-917e-fd1915ddec38 00:32:47.240 --> 00:32:49.592 Uhm, actually fit very well into their NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 1e6d46d1-9a62-473b-9214-87256f5222be 00:32:49.592 --> 00:32:52.497 system and the USGS scientists didn't have NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 a0060c6c-9ea8-4b66-93b3-d5454a64bb9a 00:32:52.497 --> 00:32:55.239 a system for coordination and communication, NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 5b603f60-26a7-4d31-8b34-5b9917101446 00:32:55.240 --> 00:32:58.936 but the Forest Service did and we fit NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 ccd48d36-e41a-4ca5-86fa-32a888cb7d0b 00:32:58.936 --> 00:33:03.420 in it somewhat like a hand in a glove. NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 d5a06d97-9ba9-409e-a576-afb5cd53be5b 00:33:03.420 --> 00:33:06.017 Now, how did a crisis in Alaska NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 b19a9a10-e696-49f5-97c4-9a2196f5d7c0 00:33:06.017 --> 00:33:08.580 prepares for this eruption response? NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 358b95c9-07e3-42cb-82d6-478a51354311 00:33:08.580 --> 00:33:12.020 Well, and we can go here to USGS. NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 a780bb4f-15ff-4c03-b8ac-7062cb3a2d2f 00:33:12.020 --> 00:33:14.170 Scientists David Johnston and he NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 3649e4ea-07d1-4697-92ef-d2945d5ce5df 00:33:14.170 --> 00:33:16.320 had actually just been hired. NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 dca2b418-eff2-44f4-b9b6-66146ea13ad6 00:33:16.320 --> 00:33:19.712 It was just beginning to his his first NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 3252ec85-f9bf-434a-9d1f-64edce5a7ee1 00:33:19.712 --> 00:33:23.627 stint as a full time employee of the USGS. NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 f2507c06-c72f-48cc-8311-676ae7c4545d 00:33:23.630 --> 00:33:26.210 But in 1979 he had some NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 a83a5b75-67c0-4444-becd-81b735adf3df 00:33:26.210 --> 00:33:27.070 harrowing experiences. NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 fa55f32e-d69e-44b0-af0c-e90362d8cd1a 00:33:27.070 --> 00:33:28.894 Augustine volcano in Alaska. NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 8424fa72-7292-4514-b62c-1e75c0a69c7b 00:33:28.894 --> 00:33:32.260 And apparently he was on this island. NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 78724aa4-7edc-4b24-80c0-7e7d45bce145 00:33:32.260 --> 00:33:34.465 This volcanic island and the he was NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 e13b5a22-6bb6-42d7-978e-60f55cb7a018 00:33:34.465 --> 00:33:37.118 supposed to be lifted off by helicopter NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 0b2cd6df-2bb7-4a39-8e74-16a5afb0937b 00:33:37.118 --> 00:33:39.578 when the volcano threatened the volcano. NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 3681ed29-3275-46cd-bf1e-abf7fc5b70b2 00:33:39.580 --> 00:33:41.776 The helicopter couldn't make it there, NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 c52f30bf-d0c3-4b17-b8d8-0efa18a59b41 00:33:41.780 --> 00:33:43.898 and so David was stuck there NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 d34529f1-b628-456d-ac59-f75031c667e1 00:33:43.898 --> 00:33:45.800 for a couple of days. NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 f83281b8-c5ba-478f-9b39-d3de3a5419b0 00:33:45.800 --> 00:33:47.630 It sounds like eventually the NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 6b8b6334-b982-490c-b2d1-c5242c8e0151 00:33:47.630 --> 00:33:49.460 helicopter lifted off the island, NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 63405c9c-1189-4ca7-a56b-bce7b3f3f46a 00:33:49.460 --> 00:33:52.970 but you know the the threat of it all and NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 3235177f-bbc5-4085-88b7-0966abc1ddad 00:33:53.065 --> 00:33:56.289 you know the sound of tefra landing on NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 a3d1f62f-a5d0-407c-9052-03a6ba736729 00:33:56.289 --> 00:33:59.759 the roof of that metal metal roof type. NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 812833cd-2038-42a7-8966-8900416980b2 00:33:59.760 --> 00:34:01.640 Very much influenced him, NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 7172504c-8791-49dc-b33b-800c86d89c00 00:34:01.640 --> 00:34:04.460 and so he was very motivated. NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 56357295-dd94-4633-8693-183d538c5464 00:34:04.460 --> 00:34:06.780 He was personally and emotionally NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 6f0d523c-0e0a-426e-88fe-ec402721ba53 00:34:06.780 --> 00:34:09.645 motivated to speak about this eruption NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 edb1e87a-5a0e-46f0-9a89-cdc4b54797ab 00:34:09.645 --> 00:34:11.980 or about a Russian potential. NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 6a655718-fce3-4bbc-8157-be763d553acb 00:34:11.980 --> 00:34:15.356 And there you see him on the left NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 2f6e3aab-7aeb-47a4-9ca7-931a60ee7994 00:34:15.356 --> 00:34:18.479 cospec device for measuring gases, Ann. NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 d54fb24a-b720-4d84-8d27-0386a646b2d9 00:34:18.479 --> 00:34:21.591 And then on the right you see him NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 8baff373-48bd-4367-ad9b-19fc4c3da69f 00:34:21.591 --> 00:34:25.170 with Jeff Renner and Jeff was a NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 db1fbe97-0e29-4383-ab83-4629d0d63939 00:34:25.170 --> 00:34:27.960 another middle West Midwestern import. NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 37d0b185-17be-47b6-bc79-d14cc136e29f 00:34:27.960 --> 00:34:30.092 David was from Illinois. NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 a3a2346d-a904-44b2-8f4b-8f0b01621f6b 00:34:30.092 --> 00:34:32.224 And Jeff was from. NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 e9c55719-5c91-471e-8e96-8ffa2ed58d78 00:34:32.230 --> 00:34:34.480 Wisconsin and so Jeff has told NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 21bb60a4-6007-4517-a6d0-3e4ad3bcef19 00:34:34.480 --> 00:34:37.305 me that they just wanted a real NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 3099c4d5-dfb7-4804-8de2-815ebee3769c 00:34:37.305 --> 00:34:39.789 connection when they first met and NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 adf38183-e0ce-48c9-af85-44d2e4363803 00:34:39.789 --> 00:34:42.400 that was in 1975 at Mount Baker. NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 c9630ef5-ebda-4917-922c-1f757adf09dd 00:34:42.400 --> 00:34:44.974 Here Jeff talked his KING5 TV NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 1de733b4-8971-4101-8f0b-6ab972ac5a7e 00:34:44.974 --> 00:34:47.075 Seattle managers into letting him NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 7a646a49-bb77-4a46-ada7-7f48fa2b4463 00:34:47.075 --> 00:34:49.571 go up to Mount Baker and learn all NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 1e97f9c2-abf5-48db-a6f4-2002005f233f 00:34:49.571 --> 00:34:51.778 that he could about volcanoes. NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 af5035ed-5f09-42d0-b898-1e339e01170a 00:34:51.780 --> 00:34:54.144 Which and Dave took the time NOTE Confidence: 0.8877447 b82fee1c-4c0a-4d62-91f2-0eeab3a0948e 00:34:54.144 --> 00:34:56.859 to tell him what a lahar was, NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 be802fa7-bc67-4b63-8969-9810530a0243 00:34:56.860 --> 00:34:58.021 a pyroclastic flow. NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 8dba40d5-4c8b-4218-87a0-d9b8c7322f0e 00:34:58.021 --> 00:35:00.343 What hell of all Cano work NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 129364bd-5bef-4bf0-8d3a-a1d563f4b4aa 00:35:00.343 --> 00:35:02.600 and how they could measure. NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 d2fe41d2-9c4a-4e5c-bfe7-4e8489305fdb 00:35:02.600 --> 00:35:05.688 You know how they could monitor a volcano, NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 aa9235ea-08c1-40fa-9ecc-d44cfe1b8e8e 00:35:05.690 --> 00:35:08.778 and he gave Jeff Renner books to read, NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 3933e85a-ef18-4e47-9104-818a7e255e82 00:35:08.780 --> 00:35:09.935 you know, recommendations. NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 c6f8eebd-43af-41c9-9d37-f73831fd4b0f 00:35:09.935 --> 00:35:12.902 An actual copies I think. And so. NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 9a04c42f-daff-4410-a3d6-1399ba3a5462 00:35:12.902 --> 00:35:17.070 Jeff was just a natural to respond from NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 f9e1697c-b506-4bad-97e5-a1a0c6a2d489 00:35:17.183 --> 00:35:21.725 natural representative in the news media. NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 a1cebcb8-2606-4d56-b678-e089b1b2f037 00:35:21.730 --> 00:35:26.470 Respond effectively in spring of 1980. NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 ee5a2ef4-3bbf-477c-9ec7-074ecc68c28d 00:35:26.470 --> 00:35:29.022 Ann and to me that just shows the NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 4cca5afa-658a-4d67-9ce5-f62d231c266b 00:35:29.022 --> 00:35:31.482 power of getting to know the news NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 db4fdbf0-cb56-4357-b2a2-b85b4f991027 00:35:31.482 --> 00:35:34.251 media in advance of a hazardous event NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 c58e9a5b-6032-4e8e-90c7-4c9e33244927 00:35:34.251 --> 00:35:36.606 like a volcanic eruption because NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 22b91eb0-ee12-48d6-a177-cfaaf1f494a1 00:35:36.606 --> 00:35:39.792 Jeff could be part of the broader NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 626532b3-cba1-4f28-8197-cf1c3d91f8e7 00:35:39.792 --> 00:35:41.564 communication plan to disseminate NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 011efbfc-5ddd-423f-a8c0-ca018d23dd37 00:35:41.564 --> 00:35:43.840 accurate and good information to the NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 5a9a59d4-347a-41fd-ad22-c8b626e8f276 00:35:43.840 --> 00:35:46.489 public and he was not the only one. NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 b4adcd20-b3e7-4ed7-a140-bf992834def7 00:35:46.490 --> 00:35:50.516 There were many others as well. NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 824576fa-ea36-44f3-9e9d-af3aacc49cc0 00:35:50.520 --> 00:35:52.501 OK, so if we time went on NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 25f15dfe-cd77-4381-a888-4b94696f4b19 00:35:52.501 --> 00:35:54.519 in 2 1/2 months later, NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 b341de60-68fe-4f87-97e8-a1759a4fe8cf 00:35:54.520 --> 00:35:56.506 you know after times of earthquakes NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 0e72d06e-2ced-4902-984e-f7fe11c64736 00:35:56.506 --> 00:35:58.848 times of no earthquakes that time during, NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 5bb489f4-6459-4813-b5ac-efceece0ad6f 00:35:58.850 --> 00:36:01.118 during which a bolt was growing more NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 001eee35-0e8b-4baa-bd82-d145e953e4c9 00:36:01.118 --> 00:36:03.778 than six feet today on the north side NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 5459e096-a474-413c-9db6-0421a6f06d7d 00:36:03.778 --> 00:36:06.141 of the volcano people were pondering how NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 9db6af71-80ae-43a7-ad80-7f11a72cd85f 00:36:06.141 --> 00:36:08.837 long it would take for that to release NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 e75a8cfe-de52-4139-84eb-eb54fab9c70c 00:36:08.840 --> 00:36:11.885 and what would happen when it did. NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 c53b6303-d4ef-4cab-97ac-8bc368f8041e 00:36:11.890 --> 00:36:12.716 Good morning, NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 e13cc57e-70a4-487e-9425-b854ecb986d7 00:36:12.716 --> 00:36:15.194 I'm 18 with no precursory activity. NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 0e0a8183-3412-4e78-ae64-76af8566fbe3 00:36:15.200 --> 00:36:18.032 We had a magnitude 5.1 earthquake NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 41dea120-25fa-4bde-aac9-c84146a37470 00:36:18.032 --> 00:36:20.790 boom 832 in the morning. NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 c1aa18c5-2aa1-4254-9049-c561689e9645 00:36:20.790 --> 00:36:23.387 The entire north side of Mountain St. NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 2d19b7b3-7a7e-4386-aeac-9e208fe09259 00:36:23.390 --> 00:36:26.069 Helens slid away. NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 d7b3726b-571a-47e9-ad5a-65558d372b74 00:36:26.070 --> 00:36:28.125 A lateral blast lifted from NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 ab1f6ea3-af32-4a80-976f-948176022595 00:36:28.125 --> 00:36:29.769 the uncorked magma chamber, NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 2669711b-985b-4fb7-ad4b-85c9b3b170c4 00:36:29.770 --> 00:36:31.825 an actually advanced across the NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 d5acbbaa-6bf1-43e1-8b12-158fd63d0a53 00:36:31.825 --> 00:36:33.880 debris avalanche to the north. NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 387d59c2-6e04-43ff-b6ab-b74a1459d233 00:36:33.880 --> 00:36:34.317 Eventually, NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 dc957c64-b523-4f46-a130-88b2265d0fa7 00:36:34.317 --> 00:36:37.376 Ash rose into the air and what NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 2b318f15-0f7e-4ca1-a306-29fd50a5159e 00:36:37.376 --> 00:36:39.828 we call a Plinian column. NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 1346059f-0932-4306-9b6b-c462feebf9a6 00:36:39.830 --> 00:36:42.770 And that the ash rose to about NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 82ed6528-dcd6-41b8-a3fb-e37b61a3e2bf 00:36:42.770 --> 00:36:44.886 80,000 feet within 15 minutes NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 13d2e00b-d121-42e8-957b-648fa8fe686b 00:36:44.886 --> 00:36:47.581 time and within hours we had a NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 88176fe4-3c92-4429-b475-fa955dc2dc3a 00:36:47.581 --> 00:36:50.544 lot of dewatering of the debris NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 70f2a783-46ff-478c-8ea4-177866cf0e47 00:36:50.544 --> 00:36:53.500 avalanche and a anhar's moving down. NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 83ec9a60-a870-4fef-8669-63028c614a70 00:36:53.500 --> 00:36:53.970 Actually, NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 a9a48027-09bb-43b7-9960-1b90d66ca5ad 00:36:53.970 --> 00:36:57.730 all sides of the volcano and the biggest NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 652fddb9-dba2-41c4-9c26-8c208e5683d1 00:36:57.821 --> 00:37:00.509 on the West side of the volcano. NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 bc32b989-968f-4d57-ab6d-88eb2f76dc9f 00:37:00.510 --> 00:37:04.650 So this was a big event. NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 e799ddc9-8ecf-4b64-b123-ddb2cd32a59e 00:37:04.650 --> 00:37:06.040 That everyone was wondering about. NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 2781104a-c897-4c68-9681-aabf150e7011 00:37:06.040 --> 00:37:07.708 They were wondering how it would. NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 6c7baacb-a36a-4eea-bf7f-adf95e22d001 00:37:07.710 --> 00:37:10.728 What would, what would go on? NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 313d4cdc-9a21-4d03-874a-2f2440b2524e 00:37:10.730 --> 00:37:11.915 Alright, NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 64442400-1f44-418b-83d7-ed7e540c6a4f 00:37:11.915 --> 00:37:15.135 and let's look at what happened NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 98e55bb8-440d-4e2b-9ce7-6d60b4155ea5 00:37:15.135 --> 00:37:17.550 in society after after that and. NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 63049a76-b274-4549-9454-3d7cac106278 00:37:17.550 --> 00:37:19.765 I look at some contemporary NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 177cee5f-0b6e-4169-b08d-c0b75292fd58 00:37:19.765 --> 00:37:21.537 accounts in newspapers and. NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 9f2d0a49-1076-4402-9799-376f3c2a4679 00:37:21.540 --> 00:37:23.990 You know 41 years have gone by, NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 1ad25ee3-be30-4eea-a95a-886c8a2dbadf 00:37:23.990 --> 00:37:25.766 but it brings the feeling right NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 20f7f822-d908-4fa0-9b99-08caf5f35bef 00:37:25.766 --> 00:37:27.711 back when you read these accounts NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 8580228a-f8bb-4356-b69f-12ad67b99f58 00:37:27.711 --> 00:37:29.805 and looking at this one preparation NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 7046b896-d454-421b-b828-35f254e743de 00:37:29.805 --> 00:37:31.340 for this presentation, NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 ff344c35-9426-4d46-b754-0a6b1c36b0af 00:37:31.340 --> 00:37:33.470 it hit home because it just NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 e280c75d-633f-41ac-95b5-0f84c18cb869 00:37:33.470 --> 00:37:35.416 seemed very right on describing NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 29148fe4-c3d8-471d-8ded-c424ebaf7cb1 00:37:35.416 --> 00:37:37.636 the feeling it said that. NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 29d85610-9885-4d34-840c-e734395cc343 00:37:37.640 --> 00:37:40.844 The the writers of that until two months ago, NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 fcfea6f2-677b-48ce-9ca5-0f53d1ef8061 00:37:40.850 --> 00:37:43.342 in the memory of every living person NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 0c80495a-b949-495b-8096-9751afa54887 00:37:43.342 --> 00:37:45.488 mounting Helens shimmering Appra Spirit Lake, NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 7df05d3f-da8c-497d-b738-504a21d949ad 00:37:45.490 --> 00:37:48.170 so does a ready symbol of benign and NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 2f0c0b5e-4925-4b5e-8edc-21b66af2fb41 00:37:48.170 --> 00:37:50.488 beautiful nature in the Pacific Northwest. NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 1906034a-7823-4285-97c7-5a2970eb8acf 00:37:50.490 --> 00:37:52.315 The mountain never will symbolize NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 be6fadd0-8711-4d53-8de0-177d741c76a3 00:37:52.315 --> 00:37:54.838 that again to those who have seen NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 ed3ca74c-dbc4-46f2-910f-5e8bcb5bc93d 00:37:54.838 --> 00:37:56.722 the destruction that has been rot NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 2a5241b8-a524-472c-ba06-918d20301a17 00:37:56.722 --> 00:37:58.928 or to the thousands whose lives NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 73015af1-34b2-4d2b-83e2-26d163c9fad2 00:37:58.928 --> 00:38:01.196 have been wrenched in these days, NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 3e9206e6-4d27-4e83-8f9b-34a3236086ff 00:38:01.200 --> 00:38:02.271 that bright, peaceful, NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 e32192fa-6bb8-429a-8026-0ee5648caa97 00:38:02.271 --> 00:38:04.770 and deceptive Sunday morning of May 18th, NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 056d1c46-69bc-4660-a054-d8ad7a7fa2e4 00:38:04.770 --> 00:38:05.830 1980. And. NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 ca7f70b3-77ed-4de7-9e55-abfaef705080 00:38:05.830 --> 00:38:09.540 It just seemed like at that time NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 fb7867c0-cb57-40ad-9c8d-69c9fd9dce57 00:38:09.540 --> 00:38:11.569 it seemed like. NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 c8c6a80a-7f6b-484b-99e5-79bfb8b3299d 00:38:11.570 --> 00:38:12.974 You know the what? NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 9868874b-cb97-4136-bd05-608f52dbf149 00:38:12.974 --> 00:38:16.349 Everyone was in the Cold War era was fearing, NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 0351c079-4d1d-49c5-8e1f-5404837d3210 00:38:16.350 --> 00:38:17.086 had happened. NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 bc7e3218-acf7-41b5-8843-4b045d40c2c0 00:38:17.086 --> 00:38:18.926 It wasn't an atomic bomb, NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 f12f62f1-a228-447c-853b-4b71c079bd81 00:38:18.930 --> 00:38:21.464 but it was a bomb within the NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 a346d505-59c7-445b-8842-9db2878e154f 00:38:21.464 --> 00:38:23.708 lives of everybody in the region. NOTE Confidence: 0.828074 454655d0-4253-40ab-9ff0-65e0127ecf90 00:38:23.710 --> 00:38:26.656 It wasn't just a matter of. NOTE Confidence: 0.85506463 615f5e8d-0865-476d-9b59-ceb1503b132e 00:38:26.660 --> 00:38:29.540 57 lives being lost, but it was the NOTE Confidence: 0.85506463 2c42bcc9-ba35-4caa-9d7b-d123bc9e7b62 00:38:29.540 --> 00:38:31.887 the mental fragility and emotional NOTE Confidence: 0.85506463 3fd6c6bb-3780-4a91-9206-b13ac30defe1 00:38:31.887 --> 00:38:34.467 fragility of everyone who had NOTE Confidence: 0.85506463 30844742-12c6-48c6-ab93-f833948dddb9 00:38:34.467 --> 00:38:37.148 assumed this was a stable planet. NOTE Confidence: 0.9065659 4606e86a-2cc9-455e-9dc9-5e91a5629486 00:38:39.370 --> 00:38:43.700 And something that was uncontrollable. NOTE Confidence: 0.9065659 52c9ebe8-0c76-430d-94fb-d95c48b788f6 00:38:43.700 --> 00:38:46.008 And that. Was unpredictable NOTE Confidence: 0.9065659 510f82e5-6a33-4325-ac8a-0f11915240ae 00:38:46.008 --> 00:38:48.316 seem unpredictable as well. NOTE Confidence: 0.9065659 7d7b1375-07e1-4526-a345-37bc5c292cb0 00:38:48.320 --> 00:38:51.696 So everybody was on edge to some extent. NOTE Confidence: 0.7716851 a5d008a0-1543-43db-8039-8a0c77cc0613 00:38:54.430 --> 00:38:56.966 No, for the scientist, NOTE Confidence: 0.7716851 6030dafe-d0ce-4444-96f4-f7476264da88 00:38:56.966 --> 00:39:00.136 the mood with you know. NOTE Confidence: 0.7716851 f4686a36-5305-4980-afd5-134a6f353ef8 00:39:00.140 --> 00:39:03.864 The the whole array of emotions and NOTE Confidence: 0.7716851 539ebeb4-18eb-4d93-b5be-959c04677a84 00:39:03.864 --> 00:39:07.240 and intentions you know all at once. NOTE Confidence: 0.7716851 77b344cd-9546-4b69-aa7b-ac3bcfbc9129 00:39:07.240 --> 00:39:09.340 There was amazement. NOTE Confidence: 0.7716851 209240a6-61be-461b-bf7f-01836ad0cf08 00:39:09.340 --> 00:39:12.140 At what had happened. NOTE Confidence: 0.7716851 c459cf35-94fd-4b36-9213-7cfd0a0af7c2 00:39:12.140 --> 00:39:15.870 There was. There was shock. NOTE Confidence: 0.7716851 cb4b6cc7-5bdb-4aff-92d9-a03ae72e4096 00:39:15.870 --> 00:39:17.724 Maybe you know some of us NOTE Confidence: 0.7716851 3bf5d2cb-48f4-43cd-b6f3-6aa0994f8f22 00:39:17.724 --> 00:39:19.970 had been up at the volcano. NOTE Confidence: 0.7716851 4124d95a-6f29-4e02-abdd-d7875f0196af 00:39:19.970 --> 00:39:22.535 The date the evening before NOTE Confidence: 0.7716851 d8b0628a-5d84-498d-9370-1aae244b55ca 00:39:22.535 --> 00:39:24.587 many had worked there. NOTE Confidence: 0.7716851 ab637224-acbd-46e0-8771-0384abb215de 00:39:24.590 --> 00:39:28.112 Anne had taken positions for observation NOTE Confidence: 0.7716851 66bbc3db-9992-4cef-9de0-f12c6a00d181 00:39:28.112 --> 00:39:32.179 many times in the previous months. NOTE Confidence: 0.7716851 c422e562-2209-4adb-91d1-bcf78ca955bd 00:39:32.180 --> 00:39:34.970 There was a lot of sadness. NOTE Confidence: 0.7716851 1acbe54c-de5c-4560-86af-9aed4b0e89cc 00:39:34.970 --> 00:39:36.416 But it is also a recognition NOTE Confidence: 0.7716851 e38c6196-26df-430b-a86b-e02faa9b3a88 00:39:36.416 --> 00:39:38.390 that a lot of work had to NOTE Confidence: 0.7716851 e649a090-19fd-4647-b6d8-c8239a69937c 00:39:38.390 --> 00:39:39.970 be done and recognition that NOTE Confidence: 0.7716851 b81c32ac-4cc0-4429-9e89-9971a4f0a750 00:39:39.970 --> 00:39:41.409 more eruptions were to come. NOTE Confidence: 0.90095556 a7805840-3b0c-4f67-9d7f-df47738a8836 00:39:43.930 --> 00:39:46.700 So in those days, weeks, NOTE Confidence: 0.90095556 3a5f8560-0696-4a08-9a51-8b3a3baac236 00:39:46.700 --> 00:39:49.132 months, years, now, decades. NOTE Confidence: 0.90095556 c2010abd-e538-4abb-b0fa-f462be55b218 00:39:49.132 --> 00:39:51.060 Since 1988, mounting Helens NOTE Confidence: 0.90095556 2c7a0b33-583e-4f90-8450-90002fa90cb1 00:39:51.060 --> 00:39:52.835 has become the master teacher. NOTE Confidence: 0.90095556 da3b4d0b-5454-4c33-98d6-182b8c4cc64b 00:39:52.840 --> 00:39:54.976 An ideal lab for volcano studies. NOTE Confidence: 0.90095556 a338e177-3253-454c-8ae5-6a1babf25464 00:39:54.980 --> 00:39:56.850 You imagine if the volcano NOTE Confidence: 0.90095556 c07627cd-3e37-43a3-bddf-0f8510a6e262 00:39:56.850 --> 00:39:59.153 that you're trying to study and NOTE Confidence: 0.90095556 70785406-a0b4-4468-acd8-d9cdf5dc5e17 00:39:59.153 --> 00:40:01.277 then mount any mouth and you're NOTE Confidence: 0.90095556 4ca92e9a-0229-4bb3-8bd1-095d81b172a8 00:40:01.277 --> 00:40:03.517 trying to study all of a sudden, NOTE Confidence: 0.90095556 c580ea44-967b-42f6-9f10-b91fd6e6ade2 00:40:03.520 --> 00:40:05.808 the guts are torn from it so you NOTE Confidence: 0.90095556 5c63fad7-5a9f-4962-b667-1178ebb27c30 00:40:05.808 --> 00:40:08.263 can see the entire interior with NOTE Confidence: 0.90095556 45a89b23-c1a2-4b4c-8f7f-0178978c6ca7 00:40:08.263 --> 00:40:10.518 all the evidence of previous NOTE Confidence: 0.90095556 fb95a7d5-1bf6-4319-8e8a-2e6943da45ea 00:40:10.518 --> 00:40:12.621 eruptions laid out in the rocky NOTE Confidence: 0.90095556 fa1ae593-7a18-426f-b382-b5274edfec95 00:40:12.621 --> 00:40:14.556 layers like pages of a book. NOTE Confidence: 0.90095556 ab399d97-a94b-4f9d-b8b5-0a67fe5b5a42 00:40:14.556 --> 00:40:16.336 It's a fantastic learning opportunity. NOTE Confidence: 0.790457 77968432-eb60-4045-8e31-ce5c5edacb53 00:40:18.780 --> 00:40:20.886 This monitoring the volcano and an NOTE Confidence: 0.790457 f9d258d4-1dae-4cfd-b48b-4e8f6f0d83b7 00:40:20.886 --> 00:40:23.355 analysis of the deposits lead to new NOTE Confidence: 0.790457 7b38ccb7-3a68-4fdd-9d36-31444763254a 00:40:23.355 --> 00:40:25.353 insights that are applicable to the NOTE Confidence: 0.790457 b4753908-5617-4c37-8ff2-39b0cf3b0f2c 00:40:25.353 --> 00:40:27.776 Cascades and it volcanoes around the world. NOTE Confidence: 0.790457 191b51be-51c2-436e-b6bb-d51fe743cab0 00:40:27.780 --> 00:40:29.850 Many too many to enumerate here. NOTE Confidence: 0.9047786 a43dfc97-cf62-4522-9c17-9c815f079c2f 00:40:31.990 --> 00:40:36.166 Alright, and then in response in May of 1982. NOTE Confidence: 0.9047786 70f86bfd-b217-45f5-8e8a-ed491da61e8c 00:40:36.170 --> 00:40:38.522 The USGS decided that it was time NOTE Confidence: 0.9047786 6852ab5a-7c8a-426b-a8b3-b5cc03967932 00:40:38.522 --> 00:40:40.953 to stop just gathering people from NOTE Confidence: 0.9047786 cd6849bf-62bc-4e6e-a3e9-34e3ee6dd261 00:40:40.953 --> 00:40:43.635 Menlo Park and Denver and Hawaii. NOTE Confidence: 0.9047786 ec35a35d-88ec-40cc-a72b-15b892ccbb22 00:40:43.640 --> 00:40:46.640 Let decided to bring everybody to one place NOTE Confidence: 0.9047786 cdc67653-ccbe-4447-86fe-86bbaf8bbd23 00:40:46.640 --> 00:40:50.317 and so it was not initially in this building. NOTE Confidence: 0.9047786 05011669-a8ea-4aed-93da-044dce6be54b 00:40:50.320 --> 00:40:53.456 We've only been here since 19 since 2002, NOTE Confidence: 0.9047786 b2f6a72a-fa87-4229-bb5d-9cd19a31adfc 00:40:53.460 --> 00:40:55.932 but it was. It was in small office NOTE Confidence: 0.9047786 753dcbae-8459-417c-a95a-9cf82e44b652 00:40:55.932 --> 00:40:58.578 spaces and originally in the federal NOTE Confidence: 0.9047786 3ea1846b-4522-47b9-baf3-04d4317e4a82 00:40:58.578 --> 00:41:00.534 building in downtown Vancouver, NOTE Confidence: 0.9047786 6d4a4739-16dc-4f07-ae7e-6671c712ed22 00:41:00.540 --> 00:41:02.070 where we gathered. NOTE Confidence: 0.9047786 2b864c6c-74e9-4a5d-a55e-913c6ebedca8 00:41:02.070 --> 00:41:04.620 Now we have an observatory NOTE Confidence: 0.9047786 213b928f-7aba-4808-a47f-0be321767053 00:41:04.620 --> 00:41:06.549 of approximately 90 people. NOTE Confidence: 0.9047786 45b84698-0571-49f4-935d-0e7819ea435c 00:41:06.550 --> 00:41:10.670 There we are out front a year or two ago, NOTE Confidence: 0.9047786 e906f576-d70b-44bd-b5a3-066cda69798c 00:41:10.670 --> 00:41:13.334 by the way, next year will be the NOTE Confidence: 0.9047786 67e6a87b-d989-4872-ba14-7b64c6dc6e7a 00:41:13.334 --> 00:41:15.247 40th anniversary of USGS Cascades NOTE Confidence: 0.9047786 c06cd240-2a08-4bcd-98b3-595add2b6f99 00:41:15.247 --> 00:41:17.212 Volcano Observatory and there will NOTE Confidence: 0.9047786 0ef924bc-0465-400a-9adb-651cdbcef214 00:41:17.212 --> 00:41:19.729 be some commemorative activities, NOTE Confidence: 0.9047786 aeb77f92-edf8-4681-80d6-a07cfbcc5b6d 00:41:19.730 --> 00:41:21.790 so keep that in mind. NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 cf904f54-f10b-4387-b089-5f4a9b2263a5 00:41:24.150 --> 00:41:26.275 Something that happened very early NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 fba30010-4ded-4510-97bc-c47999c1cc3c 00:41:26.275 --> 00:41:28.937 on was a scientist learned that NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 76f7c5a6-f03b-405b-b694-794189d715c0 00:41:28.937 --> 00:41:31.267 the necessity of working across NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 39a63d41-fc7d-40d5-b1d7-7d3016ea272d 00:41:31.267 --> 00:41:33.131 scientific disciplines and so. NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 cd49648d-8e3c-49df-9c27-eea746650aea 00:41:33.140 --> 00:41:35.804 It may be the best analogy for those NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 53d697c2-5b90-4a6f-9a39-4de004e4deb7 00:41:35.804 --> 00:41:38.949 of you listeners who work in business, NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 ea0d3ae6-3738-453d-ad89-d169953b2eb5 00:41:38.950 --> 00:41:42.828 for example, or that you know the. NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 538515a0-62d7-493e-bcf4-d0fc443eabed 00:41:42.830 --> 00:41:45.273 Yeah, the the accounts work in one NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 aff12eb1-2f7b-4af3-ba9d-721c0537da56 00:41:45.273 --> 00:41:47.333 place and the equipment developers NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 d21575d3-f993-438c-9f32-77425d9e5c9e 00:41:47.333 --> 00:41:50.595 work in another place and you know NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 6bcc8332-fe17-4f2d-b0ed-38e8d127d712 00:41:50.595 --> 00:41:52.958 managers maybe somewhere else but. NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 be46f74a-2488-4c06-9a49-6d35446c6def 00:41:52.960 --> 00:41:54.778 In fact, it's much more useful NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 28d6bb09-a01b-49c0-8689-9f31f927ef4a 00:41:54.778 --> 00:41:56.999 if you can all work together, NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 055165be-2d80-4efb-baf3-86155bde992f 00:41:57.000 --> 00:41:59.359 and so it is with bolka knology. NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 7e70cc87-27bc-430f-8b01-071f109a480a 00:41:59.360 --> 00:42:01.976 So we have Mark here with a stream NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 0c19e76c-be8a-4261-888b-66be6e51a307 00:42:01.976 --> 00:42:04.342 gauging site and Seth here with the NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 19aedc7d-338c-4fec-b742-c7cc8f4cc93b 00:42:04.342 --> 00:42:06.736 with the spider that has all kinds NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 7c7f7856-0818-443e-9aa9-04eddfdf00cf 00:42:06.736 --> 00:42:09.123 of instruments on it and maybe a NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 9246c137-a7e1-449e-933a-d987a610437c 00:42:09.123 --> 00:42:11.330 little portable seismograph as well. NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 5f4abead-a89b-4aaf-82e8-22964732ae05 00:42:11.330 --> 00:42:12.725 I'm not sure. NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 11fa44d2-e30c-4db1-8039-42554bff87dd 00:42:12.730 --> 00:42:16.218 I think that might be Republic there in NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 095ce02b-a2e8-496c-afbd-21bead53eea2 00:42:16.218 --> 00:42:19.120 this picture by Bill Rose, Michigan Tech, NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 e88ff535-dfbc-4a20-bd54-69fb44f75a27 00:42:19.120 --> 00:42:21.245 looking during the field work, NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 f0d44932-f567-4d23-8d6f-6766981e4430 00:42:21.250 --> 00:42:24.642 looking at the edge of a avalanche of NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 6ae3281c-9eec-4f6e-84d5-2c1a743b7a5e 00:42:24.642 --> 00:42:27.130 hot rocking gas, a pyroclastic flow. NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 beadf95e-ad9c-4a76-bb27-d115010e0d93 00:42:27.130 --> 00:42:30.620 And here we have people out doing serving. NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 c5aa5d01-d356-4fa9-ac89-c57412e77e6e 00:42:30.620 --> 00:42:34.208 So when all these people can NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 244dd960-a530-41d4-b304-1606877cf8e4 00:42:34.208 --> 00:42:36.002 work together and. NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 13e1e64d-b7a3-4d10-9c4d-550859301829 00:42:36.010 --> 00:42:38.061 Look at the larger picture based on NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 8d24a697-3bb0-4469-935b-2c07d13e566f 00:42:38.061 --> 00:42:40.079 the data that they have to give. NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 4a78d5f2-1913-4391-8f0e-042441035cd7 00:42:40.080 --> 00:42:43.300 That's when we can get the best NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 83e59bbb-6d11-4c3c-adc1-c805256f2e56 00:42:43.300 --> 00:42:45.549 assessments of what's going on. NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 7d884fb4-9024-4786-bd4f-d4ea7c80a24d 00:42:45.550 --> 00:42:45.948 Yeah, NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 40b6cf07-b0e5-4dee-a6af-a7249a842d03 00:42:45.948 --> 00:42:48.336 the residence and people elsewhere around NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 d8f85238-4d95-4886-8c42-1bd980b87bdc 00:42:48.336 --> 00:42:50.942 the world gain a profound appreciation NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 72dc8b9b-dbfe-44cc-9c8e-229a237ab658 00:42:50.942 --> 00:42:53.636 for the destructive power of volcanoes. NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 c979a428-c6de-42d0-803f-98e420fa67db 00:42:53.640 --> 00:42:54.861 So for example, NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 0af30319-b0fa-47e9-b223-66414a5519e5 00:42:54.861 --> 00:42:58.330 here is a bridge that was torn apart, NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 cb580fbd-160f-48d7-a3d7-c2c0f140ccdf 00:42:58.330 --> 00:42:59.180 torn away. NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 e4286e54-1c69-4df7-95f0-466e02057547 00:42:59.180 --> 00:43:02.155 I've seen this bridge being torn away. NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 29060c39-f44a-4981-9b2f-2941c845d281 00:43:02.160 --> 00:43:04.512 Probably you have as well in NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 67eefdf4-3e5f-425e-a1a6-267a1dff3261 00:43:04.512 --> 00:43:07.089 numerous video clips an now encased NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 0ee0b20f-e973-4b52-a59f-be08625e1a2e 00:43:07.089 --> 00:43:09.404 in concrete like lahar deposit, NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 bca32423-b6b0-40fc-8160-cc7cd04097e4 00:43:09.410 --> 00:43:11.110 and people recognize it. NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 fd6faeca-357c-418f-af34-72ea6fb2d1f3 00:43:11.110 --> 00:43:12.385 Volcanic ash lahars? NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 521c31bb-abe5-4a83-8937-7a91b3d9d7b7 00:43:12.390 --> 00:43:16.107 You know they're they're long term hazards. NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 89229cc3-b3a3-43ef-a654-d1430df99d2b 00:43:16.110 --> 00:43:16.958 You know, NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 461c9cef-6fb8-4590-92b8-3c97402db780 00:43:16.958 --> 00:43:17.806 for example, NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 177d9f3a-1f87-480d-abf5-9f80feb86478 00:43:17.806 --> 00:43:20.350 that you know even today dredging NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 0f944e1a-b793-4287-91af-4880a6d90ab0 00:43:20.430 --> 00:43:22.398 is still being considered. NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 1d73bf56-75b0-4d00-b1dc-085e134f3435 00:43:22.400 --> 00:43:25.592 Dredging went on for four parts NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 08b09b6d-abf1-4141-95d0-228885edbeb1 00:43:25.592 --> 00:43:27.188 of many decades. NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 aeedd26d-7a9e-4c29-a17c-3a0b098eeb27 00:43:27.190 --> 00:43:28.625 Now it's in the news that perhaps NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 0484d701-29da-4a9d-b8e7-8bb7b0ba1b0d 00:43:28.625 --> 00:43:30.225 we need to do more dredging to NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 aed6567d-e3e4-4bde-a51c-5fca9bd97e44 00:43:30.225 --> 00:43:31.623 get some of that lahar deposit NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 b46c2dee-8cc9-44c6-939a-2c8b0f049cb9 00:43:31.677 --> 00:43:33.217 that's worked its way downstream. NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 51d582a3-1c4b-4a9c-aa6d-9832f342add1 00:43:33.220 --> 00:43:35.222 We have to get that out of NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 3d6f38a6-d813-4a40-b1c5-eaebd7f9c0ec 00:43:35.222 --> 00:43:37.560 the out of the river channel. NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 fa779da6-5c84-413b-9687-31d441bfcfb6 00:43:37.560 --> 00:43:42.288 To stop flooding in the Kelso Longview area. NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 15bdb779-5831-4639-9507-51735275d4eb 00:43:42.290 --> 00:43:45.008 Volcanic ash sticks around for many NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 43714cbc-20b4-4f89-a8b1-0133a6ba6a66 00:43:45.008 --> 00:43:48.518 months and can cause a lot of disruption, NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 01b7d40e-9c10-4125-b0c7-c5425e123696 00:43:48.520 --> 00:43:51.190 can be health and health issue, NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 2cbfa071-d108-4471-b0d4-a1d24119ad85 00:43:51.190 --> 00:43:53.722 but very first health studies regarding NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 a43df8d3-afc3-44c5-94f1-bd67b2a1759f 00:43:53.722 --> 00:43:56.978 volcanic ash were done in Eastern Washington, NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 91a392aa-1b47-4334-84b3-4aa99fb8a5d3 00:43:56.980 --> 00:43:58.316 Idaho, Montana, NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 3cca5089-9e3d-40e1-b36c-bc17763d2cdd 00:43:58.316 --> 00:44:02.324 after the Russian Mount Saint Helens. NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 8f40655f-0fd1-49fa-9484-f05d56fa35de 00:44:02.330 --> 00:44:03.371 By the way, NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 15550793-96b5-441d-b138-acf5591d6e0c 00:44:03.371 --> 00:44:04.759 it's a big question, NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 9ee6cc88-fa37-44b7-920a-f0fa8c7b9965 00:44:04.760 --> 00:44:06.825 what do you do with all that NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 21400b36-547a-443f-b467-13fa4f7dad1d 00:44:06.825 --> 00:44:08.919 leftover ash in Lahar settlement? NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 29ee3e6f-3771-43af-8a05-33aba392a4b5 00:44:08.920 --> 00:44:11.696 And if you drive up and down I5, NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 d0d349af-8a2b-4b8d-b477-f2ce1e598d05 00:44:11.700 --> 00:44:13.924 you can see some of this big dredging NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 e5e37478-9a58-49a3-8033-743bf340efba 00:44:13.924 --> 00:44:16.490 piles in place where new ideas and NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 90adfd19-675a-4c87-bac5-292159b34968 00:44:16.490 --> 00:44:18.430 technologies that sparked a revolution NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 f14441ae-9fb6-40fd-8fb4-4ab056d60b47 00:44:18.490 --> 00:44:20.370 in volcano monitoring you know, NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 b75a7da6-4863-477c-af7b-8990ecb7cea9 00:44:20.370 --> 00:44:22.897 are that really effects our ability to NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 74de2195-68dd-452c-98a2-7ad5c342b8e2 00:44:22.897 --> 00:44:24.693 provide Volcano volcanic hazard warnings NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 d43b39f9-6aed-485c-aa6d-0ddb8a08e5db 00:44:24.693 --> 00:44:26.968 if we are able to work efficiently, NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 46cd5deb-c47f-4ef9-9283-daae35f8cdbb 00:44:26.970 --> 00:44:31.198 we can get our data back bye. NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 f97830f6-8d41-424e-aa87-a1c90c3509d0 00:44:31.200 --> 00:44:34.294 Having it sent to us rather than NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 dfcb9a6b-c6e2-4c13-80ff-50b3d14bb654 00:44:34.294 --> 00:44:37.348 by are having to go and change. NOTE Confidence: 0.8887265 b6df9db9-c483-468d-9421-69cbc6b59f5b 00:44:37.350 --> 00:44:38.190 Data. NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 e8689b96-4f96-4c6e-9cac-c85652346b13 00:44:40.280 --> 00:44:41.720 Data loggers, whatever. NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 7b738453-919d-40fb-9882-31f78db611a3 00:44:41.720 --> 00:44:43.160 All the better. NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 09c8f5e0-500a-4a94-bc75-0bea6d76aec1 00:44:43.160 --> 00:44:44.895 Inside the studies that mounting NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 5a6fb67f-c4f4-444f-959d-e6e6ddfd3541 00:44:44.895 --> 00:44:46.283 Helens and all volcanoes, NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 2ddd72b6-7fe3-476c-a5dc-9caa7bfafd8f 00:44:46.290 --> 00:44:48.726 the Cascade Rangers lead to new insights. NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 2e6b3b08-58b9-4699-b089-fd469b59e50f 00:44:48.730 --> 00:44:50.520 Anet new generation hazard assessments NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 43e88102-1329-4946-b186-3bf97c1e71bb 00:44:50.520 --> 00:44:53.026 and certainly one of the people who NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 ad5bbe04-ec78-4856-9b98-610ba24f98ca 00:44:53.026 --> 00:44:54.988 spent time the longest at mounting. NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 c29f729e-b0d0-449e-b128-f22a225144c2 00:44:54.990 --> 00:44:58.464 Helens has been my clan who you see in NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 e2169f44-b81f-4b7c-aa31-da4a2af6c0ba 00:44:58.464 --> 00:45:02.246 the lower right corner of the big photo. NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 a8d12db1-110d-41ab-ba94-357765595a48 00:45:02.250 --> 00:45:04.030 And Mike is he's. NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 1b1a9f8d-3617-45fb-8188-99eceecda36b 00:45:04.030 --> 00:45:07.249 He's probably done more to give us a, NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 23e99bff-8e60-4c25-9d41-3e7e55d13502 00:45:07.250 --> 00:45:10.306 you know, a full picture of what all NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 2b46c191-d78f-4def-bee4-8f3ab939783a 00:45:10.306 --> 00:45:13.258 has happened in Mount Saint Helens over NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 4a448548-b4cb-41bc-a5eb-55bd2ccc2d55 00:45:13.258 --> 00:45:16.313 the millenia then about not anyone and NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 cc3d4e43-4164-4d2d-a9f5-7e735143b410 00:45:16.313 --> 00:45:19.344 then younger Heather right on the left, NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 7cb0dc0a-3d76-438e-b50b-2a5cb19cce38 00:45:19.350 --> 00:45:22.235 and Kevin Scott looking at NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 22e94676-c2aa-4766-b5d4-d8cd9ef9dfc4 00:45:22.235 --> 00:45:24.543 deposits at Mount Rainier. NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 1a1f4add-c18c-4889-ae80-d2fc141b6c32 00:45:24.550 --> 00:45:26.110 Pretty soon after the initial work NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 f5c6cebf-907f-4332-9d28-a315964efe50 00:45:26.110 --> 00:45:27.850 was done in Mount Saint Helens, NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 e5983571-d1c3-47b0-8703-10080b24803d 00:45:27.850 --> 00:45:29.890 it was recognized that all we need to NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 99c37bc8-b26b-4ca9-b32b-e41efc267834 00:45:29.890 --> 00:45:32.251 do is look to the north and look to NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 a34a4849-8167-42bb-856e-51583edcd664 00:45:32.251 --> 00:45:34.450 the South and we could see volcanoes. NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 6cd3d293-2aa1-4179-957c-be93c61d2d9e 00:45:34.450 --> 00:45:36.529 As far as the eye could go to see NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 eb8457f9-13db-42af-b99d-aef17d94a9ae 00:45:36.529 --> 00:45:38.578 and they need attention as well, NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 938fbfac-ba50-495e-a03c-969014ff80c1 00:45:38.580 --> 00:45:40.676 and it is quite likely that the same NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 ddf609e4-2fc6-4679-a610-24a636d543db 00:45:40.676 --> 00:45:42.430 process that happened at Middle St. NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 5de696d4-2991-41f9-b51c-0a337d5c099e 00:45:42.430 --> 00:45:42.798 Helens. NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 f058b5f6-269e-4376-a55b-e56b9fabc3d3 00:45:42.798 --> 00:45:45.742 Could be hazards at other volcanoes as well. NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 a20039d2-c536-4242-b6f7-7ada3e5ec11a 00:45:45.750 --> 00:45:48.936 That really said everybody to work. NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 c8c38841-dbe1-4ffb-881d-50a2ab906d82 00:45:48.940 --> 00:45:50.878 K So understanding a volcano behavioral NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 b1f80cdc-3599-448e-ab28-916ed613335f 00:45:50.878 --> 00:45:53.140 into new kinds of hazard analysis, NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 76af95f7-f4b9-43b4-8730-aae9a972571d 00:45:53.140 --> 00:45:53.800 for example, NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 c1961fb3-fb24-45a4-899d-36881450b619 00:45:53.800 --> 00:45:56.110 we're now able to look at where NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 b38a75cf-e582-4a8f-ad2e-f3691ed9e145 00:45:56.110 --> 00:45:58.399 ash might travel by inputing NOAA NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 4d26404d-b241-44f8-bf03-46b6acc890e0 00:45:58.399 --> 00:46:00.839 weather data into a model we can. NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 8a219007-250a-4450-9d23-a720cba492e7 00:46:00.840 --> 00:46:02.590 And assuming a certain amount, NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 b6802618-0415-4802-b2c5-90cdc4925b1a 00:46:02.590 --> 00:46:04.690 ash will come out a volcano, NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 f647ab1d-e8a0-4f86-b6b7-40c4421c7a74 00:46:04.690 --> 00:46:07.840 we can see where that Ashlyn will will go. NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 683fbe67-b607-44d2-b176-1ff1c7e08a18 00:46:07.840 --> 00:46:09.946 And we also have event trees NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 1e06de31-6003-4484-b296-e43639ac3a22 00:46:09.946 --> 00:46:12.040 which were pretty much you know, NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 c1777e4a-023e-4b04-b775-e071686e5e81 00:46:12.040 --> 00:46:14.816 for the most part invented at Man played NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 2254bcf8-a6ef-4a9b-9271-89414b7045a4 00:46:14.816 --> 00:46:17.290 with early on at Mount Saint Helens, NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 e5772e52-9c3d-4d16-9fb4-e3604bbb2d14 00:46:17.290 --> 00:46:20.160 Chris Newhall being a lead on that. NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 008cdab0-9a79-4e67-96cb-9ef58cfe2069 00:46:20.160 --> 00:46:23.597 So where you look at the you NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 86b17f0b-f752-4d73-a3cd-b07d7e9a32e7 00:46:23.597 --> 00:46:25.070 look at possibilities, NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 b29310e7-a1f4-4838-a039-5d5e2d2bc958 00:46:25.070 --> 00:46:28.220 you ask questions and you you look NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 cf052e8c-40b5-4ee5-9864-64ac92395e67 00:46:28.220 --> 00:46:30.470 at everything that's happening. NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 08afb339-0643-4a3d-8ee6-f3d8725a1a95 00:46:30.470 --> 00:46:34.398 And then from there look at the pot. NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 98a5c975-e9dd-4980-ba91-8233a0af2bb5 00:46:34.400 --> 00:46:37.700 The probability that. NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 3a2e1020-b495-4a86-a3bd-34180d5e7ba9 00:46:37.700 --> 00:46:39.485 Other behavior will evolve from NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 d497ef9c-63da-4d3c-b028-c0c8c6ebe1bb 00:46:39.485 --> 00:46:41.787 the eruption and it wasn't just NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 4d48f4d6-ac7b-402a-957e-103e51e1a785 00:46:41.787 --> 00:46:43.607 geologist and volcano scientist, NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 92e40d06-c948-46c2-ae9d-046eea806e35 00:46:43.610 --> 00:46:46.706 it was he was the ecologist and they NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 e7aa7937-9155-444e-9e10-0a556dad8417 00:46:46.706 --> 00:46:48.730 discovered there were many years. NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 28bc7e85-81c7-4643-83db-d2ee0195b17c 00:46:48.730 --> 00:46:49.518 Even today. NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 0ee08d90-4b98-4d12-a919-f0ceb83533dc 00:46:49.518 --> 00:46:52.276 These they have their plots out there, NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 1948a730-e85f-4254-97ef-60340a7227a3 00:46:52.280 --> 00:46:52.669 ecology, NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 f6c29138-af60-4c12-9b3b-f6cc1c93de51 00:46:52.669 --> 00:46:54.614 plots and measure the number NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 0e867cd9-aa3a-4dfd-b51e-0a0c3fc42ede 00:46:54.614 --> 00:46:57.415 of plants and look at the plant NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 2e6f1552-1860-4057-b9b5-6dcbb878631c 00:46:57.415 --> 00:46:59.370 growth in types they discovered. NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 da55eba5-e576-472a-be2b-6b6ca19f3582 00:46:59.370 --> 00:47:01.955 This really barren landscape quickly NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 810939fc-69bf-440f-bab4-01b64f9c210f 00:47:01.955 --> 00:47:05.101 transformed into a mosaic of new NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 655104a3-d6d0-469b-9cbf-f0ca5a1b1d30 00:47:05.101 --> 00:47:07.486 and thriving plants and animals. NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 460b8c9c-a5c0-462c-8737-cf542d8841aa 00:47:07.490 --> 00:47:08.826 And perhaps most importantly, NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 19db9c7d-5831-478a-b673-0547ba386539 00:47:08.826 --> 00:47:10.496 mounting Helens really inspired a NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 0a6ad9c6-b785-4290-9f47-5a6659006c6d 00:47:10.496 --> 00:47:12.083 new generation of volcanologist NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 a5b3969b-3f58-49f0-b7e5-41eb8bd1fc4e 00:47:12.083 --> 00:47:14.078 and it really increased the NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 b639e562-c2ef-4c79-b6ad-b09634ee5a3c 00:47:14.078 --> 00:47:15.530 international scientific cooperation. NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 808b4b21-9d34-4f65-996b-398c40823ee1 00:47:15.530 --> 00:47:18.092 Now we would have people come to NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 6660b91d-3946-4f6d-9520-9c01202a6ed9 00:47:18.092 --> 00:47:20.130 Mount Saint Helens from abroad. NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 63c245f6-cc80-4b35-88f7-5e1b24a2cbfa 00:47:20.130 --> 00:47:22.090 They would learn about our NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 298c29f1-dfd2-4f51-ba2e-6f7650cf88da 00:47:22.090 --> 00:47:24.340 volcano where they would bite it, NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 a2b6d142-6a32-4037-aa74-33d6fb5e1b0c 00:47:24.340 --> 00:47:26.608 invite us to their eruptions and so NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 e418b97e-4d95-438f-96e5-c51138422bdf 00:47:26.608 --> 00:47:28.953 there was just this proliferation of NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 ef8becf0-f771-454f-9045-3c56957b76fa 00:47:28.953 --> 00:47:31.991 new knowledge about how to monitor volcanoes. NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 cbf9111f-a8f0-4cdb-a94a-c0edfd20877f 00:47:32.000 --> 00:47:33.688 What happens during eruption NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 c0f3ecb2-dda7-4b99-a44f-a17b9d66fdc6 00:47:33.688 --> 00:47:35.798 just overall in the Volcano NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 ec9edad1-0a71-4666-bf4b-581b240630ec 00:47:35.798 --> 00:47:37.530 Disaster Assistance program. NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 4bc19328-6e13-4619-93b2-466178970acf 00:47:37.530 --> 00:47:39.410 But as an international, NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 e397a200-deac-4243-a083-30812698dcb1 00:47:39.410 --> 00:47:41.760 an international group that is NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 7bbd0fc5-fd67-4d22-abf5-76ea4076afea 00:47:41.760 --> 00:47:43.642 headquartered at that the CBO NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 e86bc326-8072-4e8c-96e6-8d25f00bebdf 00:47:43.642 --> 00:47:45.646 responded to more than about more NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 7e9c1171-d090-4435-9109-e8af12e620f1 00:47:45.717 --> 00:47:47.967 than 70 volcanic crisis worldwide NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 209647e6-352d-47a2-89ad-916d55be3976 00:47:47.967 --> 00:47:50.610 and that has really strengthened the NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 bba0f649-0152-4f6a-b7f4-766b6ce7c0f4 00:47:50.610 --> 00:47:53.340 response to eruptions in about a dozen NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 15f9be75-c0e4-4814-9820-1be17fd7361f 00:47:53.340 --> 00:47:55.541 nations and scientists and public NOTE Confidence: 0.7829329 3f07b601-ee9a-4eaa-aef5-bc05078dc78c 00:47:55.541 --> 00:47:58.677 officials with the here in the Cascades, NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 9b8e4c6f-e2f5-4db4-8e7a-bdc4d2dc06a5 00:47:58.680 --> 00:48:00.935 we've formed these volcano hazard NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 2af0fec1-f28c-4287-9eb2-4aee87c363a7 00:48:00.935 --> 00:48:03.760 working groups where we create a plan. NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 463b0969-d982-4c50-ad40-9a7aae4350b9 00:48:03.760 --> 00:48:06.763 We exercise the plan and then we NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 b77bb2e7-d548-48d3-b05e-2ca41c32ba5b 00:48:06.763 --> 00:48:09.760 modify the plan to make it better. NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 c9eba067-d89c-41d3-a65b-1f46d89012cd 00:48:09.760 --> 00:48:11.660 And these plans, these coordination NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 a9ebf2de-8299-4567-ac37-2cb355e88db1 00:48:11.660 --> 00:48:13.996 or response plans describe the roles NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 221f5341-a929-4111-bda4-4b7c51b0e278 00:48:13.996 --> 00:48:15.866 of all these different officials. NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 af66d755-f531-4d48-b94e-9ff22a6c0719 00:48:15.870 --> 00:48:19.920 And here you can see one of our emergency NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 250fc930-673c-4a81-884a-2cf61236cb2c 00:48:19.920 --> 00:48:22.807 managers from the city of Puyallup. NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 97cd6b09-61b1-4c74-9f72-49cfb43654fc 00:48:22.810 --> 00:48:24.662 Organize who is organized, NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 96e72264-1101-45f2-ac38-568e129478eb 00:48:24.662 --> 00:48:27.440 they any any evacuation at Lahar. NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 9f1fefe6-8706-4090-b6a0-d1971a04018d 00:48:27.440 --> 00:48:30.068 Evacuation drill for parts of the NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 f72409c2-92b6-4ee0-b51c-fea82da06e3a 00:48:30.068 --> 00:48:32.858 Puyallup Valley and I think at NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 9a306701-8f1d-4c4d-89d7-f92ab48ef38d 00:48:32.858 --> 00:48:34.770 8000 schoolchildren were evacuated NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 98b64527-3d37-4c54-a767-050a38c383fd 00:48:34.770 --> 00:48:39.040 in this drill in 2020, eighteen. NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 4cdb118c-140c-4346-ab13-35d9db3b0aed 00:48:39.040 --> 00:48:42.505 Right so between 2013 and the present, NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 a5b42f74-ee4c-435e-af97-6c7b146018c0 00:48:42.510 --> 00:48:46.003 the USGS, supported by the Office of NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 4a370239-1a02-48a5-8830-294c7fd08601 00:48:46.003 --> 00:48:47.970 Foreign Disaster Assistance USAW, NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 032eab9b-f10e-4a03-aad5-e6e75032527d 00:48:47.970 --> 00:48:50.725 have supported by national exchanges NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 7b8ab47f-f611-4273-9a95-4bbc25284ca1 00:48:50.725 --> 00:48:53.480 where we bring officials from NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 e427cd9a-f6fe-4cff-bc44-3392eb67b932 00:48:53.572 --> 00:48:56.230 Colombia and Ecuador to the United NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 8172e405-b298-475a-88d7-c688e9c4a1fe 00:48:56.230 --> 00:48:59.978 States so they can study how we are NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 74eeb815-0c9a-49db-8d2f-0a69cf1e8e29 00:48:59.978 --> 00:49:02.343 planning for an eruption response. NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 68cadd16-8a33-4094-ae66-2cc4a4a99ca2 00:49:02.350 --> 00:49:06.318 An we take public officials there in 1985, NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 430605ca-9dd4-4e6f-a2b1-6d701ac28cde 00:49:06.320 --> 00:49:09.296 there was a major eruption about NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 ebdc4bc2-dab1-45e5-8e11-816eb3b13958 00:49:09.296 --> 00:49:11.280 Adobe's volcano in Colombia, NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 8a9c2ef6-ac97-4cda-8a49-5fa76fc94940 00:49:11.280 --> 00:49:12.600 where 25,000 people. NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 bd80c2db-b042-4f3a-b8ca-984b4ed903d1 00:49:12.600 --> 00:49:15.680 Lost their lives due to a lahar, NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 e0c56eac-74c3-4e9e-893a-019eef7a05c6 00:49:15.680 --> 00:49:18.080 25,000 people and going to Columbia NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 c7519105-e456-4b62-ae67-468fe93e9254 00:49:18.080 --> 00:49:20.970 and meeting with the people like this. NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 84d21911-06ee-49b8-8ab7-bbb5a3723ded 00:49:20.970 --> 00:49:21.784 For example, NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 669c322d-6204-4039-a39b-33327b511170 00:49:21.784 --> 00:49:24.633 this gentleman who was the first one NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 29e60544-5e2d-4ac4-8fae-3faed4a48f0f 00:49:24.633 --> 00:49:27.479 to fly over the region of Armero. NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 ab6a71e7-381b-4d25-9b5b-09fa7504f755 00:49:27.480 --> 00:49:29.916 This is cited the destroyed city. NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 93a9345a-79ed-403e-9b04-3656e424b5d2 00:49:29.920 --> 00:49:32.769 He flew over early in the morning. NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 76a6fa0a-c8e1-4868-97ef-3e451c0f4208 00:49:32.770 --> 00:49:35.346 Listen to him talk really inspired all NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 e1f67124-4e5b-48f1-ac3a-028a2369bd4b 00:49:35.346 --> 00:49:38.956 of us as scientists an our partners in NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 fb543e44-dde5-4dca-8ad3-f4a524f205ba 00:49:38.956 --> 00:49:41.913 Emergency Management to be ready for NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 85b1f422-b5d0-4456-b8bb-5c64652c10f7 00:49:41.913 --> 00:49:44.595 eruptions here in the Cascade Range. NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 df7202f3-d7fc-480d-8a73-a857aeed7602 00:49:44.600 --> 00:49:46.805 And we also try to increase awareness NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 c24883a1-d9ec-427e-a0ed-f3af4b5ba22e 00:49:46.805 --> 00:49:49.328 by in taking a multi agency approach. NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 e4462ca4-a9a4-4032-b17d-14cc3a9b126d 00:49:49.330 --> 00:49:51.510 We work with targeted groups NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 b13ebeb7-d619-404b-8adb-81d11e583097 00:49:51.510 --> 00:49:52.818 of policy makers. NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 bdbbf484-46ea-423b-afec-2f11a419b856 00:49:52.820 --> 00:49:54.764 Community educators and news. NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 1d8ea10b-2638-4312-b749-bc9d09a841dd 00:49:54.764 --> 00:49:55.736 Media parks. NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 b6b463f0-eed7-407e-9b7d-3c6a380ed922 00:49:55.740 --> 00:49:56.910 You know, NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 c3e5b9b8-cff9-4837-b984-151f4f5d6257 00:49:56.910 --> 00:49:58.665 champions and communities NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 92788e88-223b-4a52-bebb-bf8b78ca35d4 00:49:58.665 --> 00:50:02.230 and they try to get them. NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 cbf9a164-7219-420f-a004-c8cbce404fa5 00:50:02.230 --> 00:50:03.745 Get them the information that NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 1b66c3f5-cedb-4916-8b28-8b285f78769e 00:50:03.745 --> 00:50:06.063 they need so that we can all NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 66952e06-a15e-480b-a422-5b7532bdea57 00:50:06.063 --> 00:50:07.913 work together and get consistent NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 1412ed9b-26cb-4474-9469-2d76a7864084 00:50:07.913 --> 00:50:09.690 messages about these volcanoes. NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 8a36ae2c-84b0-43b9-bcec-b497a425f321 00:50:09.690 --> 00:50:11.881 Course we had a boom again in NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 9b02aead-3db3-4fdb-abca-de820034b90d 00:50:11.881 --> 00:50:14.069 2004 and another eruption of Mount NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 6a168db9-3200-475c-a145-abd5b13da8e8 00:50:14.069 --> 00:50:16.427 Saint Helens that lasted for four, NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 a6a9b39f-459b-4515-b463-1f1c730bc25c 00:50:16.430 --> 00:50:19.058 3 1/2 years and we were by that time NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 96c42760-1a25-4200-96b7-d509d3c7086b 00:50:19.058 --> 00:50:21.758 we were a little more experienced. NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 e2289ff2-7ceb-430b-b347-1cee0d9afd1c 00:50:21.760 --> 00:50:24.274 We were able to handle what NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 32b2a0c1-7b87-49d0-8e28-d25508af80eb 00:50:24.274 --> 00:50:26.451 happened within just another major NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 77cd5b86-9724-4346-adac-95a74892e0a8 00:50:26.451 --> 00:50:28.127 assault of news media. NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 fed21677-0c2c-4a5a-849d-8245aea53d34 00:50:28.130 --> 00:50:28.586 OK, NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 9e9c82c6-135b-4fac-a8f9-ed639b3a5557 00:50:28.586 --> 00:50:31.322 I mentioned that in some adjacent NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 ec2d6d48-2fe8-4f8e-bdfd-d67a5b8ed16e 00:50:31.322 --> 00:50:33.273 professions people were those NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 57001561-e836-458c-b6f4-ea6778744b58 00:50:33.273 --> 00:50:35.768 professions were affected as well. NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 829c073f-6b16-43c4-b29b-afa619c7c403 00:50:35.770 --> 00:50:38.405 Steve Malone noted that the NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 86b00970-246f-4e5e-9a7f-c418d2654a8c 00:50:38.405 --> 00:50:40.513 acceleration and equipment use. NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 41667b47-6c45-4540-bc45-935c28a3a968 00:50:40.520 --> 00:50:43.120 And how these the what we learn in NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 7368393c-2fa0-4ccc-be45-1c083f4f3f41 00:50:43.120 --> 00:50:45.046 Saint Helens is useful volcanoes NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 cfaea349-720b-48f4-ad83-279be99dc17c 00:50:45.046 --> 00:50:47.452 around the world was a career NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 f2f61e86-ec11-40d2-a84a-8fb09b5989ad 00:50:47.452 --> 00:50:49.520 defining moment for many people. NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 25f82999-689f-4cd7-b2f7-d4d58d9a94b8 00:50:49.520 --> 00:50:51.060 Retired emergency manager Bill NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 3aa373d5-eff5-487a-944e-444f5e44658f 00:50:51.060 --> 00:50:53.370 Loki told me that in Emergency NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 41aa2af6-2207-4db9-b16d-0df119437022 00:50:53.442 --> 00:50:55.602 Management we can draw a Direct NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 fbcbca32-b746-4ffb-83b2-a665faddceee 00:50:55.602 --> 00:50:57.836 Line from lessons learned and Mount NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 7eb36e38-a48e-4578-860c-31f9732943c7 00:50:57.836 --> 00:51:00.014 Saint Helens to our current volcano. NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 e67b2e28-d196-42b6-86be-5bb317fffa65 00:51:00.020 --> 00:51:01.520 Hazard planning efforts at NOTE Confidence: 0.81752527 3ca107ae-8de2-4d27-84ca-2721978083ed 00:51:01.520 --> 00:51:02.645 other Cascade volcanoes. NOTE Confidence: 0.70345885 fa68a684-ec1a-4330-8568-5c41cce346b3 00:51:04.890 --> 00:51:06.594 Retired King News meteorologist NOTE Confidence: 0.70345885 def439a9-5663-4077-9115-2460532802ee 00:51:06.594 --> 00:51:09.580 Jeff Renner told me that you know, NOTE Confidence: 0.70345885 0f1e87ff-29b8-428a-945d-9b3e2e78bced 00:51:09.580 --> 00:51:12.828 Mount Saint Helens reawakening. NOTE Confidence: 0.70345885 aabed6e9-15b7-41c7-a740-01ab6b51de40 00:51:12.830 --> 00:51:14.720 The ultimate eruption in Patton. NOTE Confidence: 0.70345885 b00c402b-c20a-4172-8c0f-08bca1fcb21b 00:51:14.720 --> 00:51:17.384 Public fascination in that ongoing story NOTE Confidence: 0.70345885 686ac537-264e-4c11-8732-025df5429c4a 00:51:17.384 --> 00:51:20.050 LED northwest journalism to evolve in NOTE Confidence: 0.70345885 d390916d-d00c-4f7d-8243-d72f5334c84b 00:51:20.050 --> 00:51:22.927 a way that encourage strong science and NOTE Confidence: 0.70345885 bf8fe186-2a67-4d45-a858-e8c28bfd8482 00:51:22.927 --> 00:51:25.370 environmental reporting for decades to come. NOTE Confidence: 0.70345885 90608d31-ad12-410e-bb86-1f35f82f1912 00:51:25.370 --> 00:51:27.442 He said that it really they felt NOTE Confidence: 0.70345885 ee335443-c9a9-4553-b97d-69f7f1492e34 00:51:27.442 --> 00:51:29.485 like they had a real responsibility NOTE Confidence: 0.70345885 231447f1-ecf1-4bbf-a2ab-1a2defa2fce2 00:51:29.485 --> 00:51:31.295 to get the story right. NOTE Confidence: 0.70345885 99aee815-6a8d-41ef-9f51-0d4893fb39ad 00:51:31.300 --> 00:51:33.552 Retired Noah warning coordination. NOTE Confidence: 0.70345885 360e9e46-7363-461e-9ddf-7bcb53a627d4 00:51:33.552 --> 00:51:36.367 Meteorologist for the National Weather NOTE Confidence: 0.70345885 53443da0-20d7-4cd3-9595-cc27d735df99 00:51:36.367 --> 00:51:39.247 Service had been are told me that there NOTE Confidence: 0.70345885 f5df8a7c-a2ce-4c4c-9879-c86352a53035 00:51:39.247 --> 00:51:41.528 was no volcano code for aviators. NOTE Confidence: 0.70345885 b2cf1fba-33fd-4064-9ec2-6ef763b77f0a 00:51:41.530 --> 00:51:43.978 In 1980, so pilots were warned NOTE Confidence: 0.70345885 53418e4e-a2aa-428a-a6e1-3e6dad1ec478 00:51:43.978 --> 00:51:46.040 about dust in the air, NOTE Confidence: 0.70345885 3c3bf2ed-8036-4dea-8e0d-426c5f019433 00:51:46.040 --> 00:51:48.554 which of course is a completely NOTE Confidence: 0.70345885 1f3dd526-d8ff-4d14-9df5-26c368bc0367 00:51:48.554 --> 00:51:50.550 different consistency from volcanic ash. NOTE Confidence: 0.70345885 ecca48da-4f85-4dea-b8c0-9f507bd764b9 00:51:50.550 --> 00:51:53.830 But the National Weather Service in the USGS, NOTE Confidence: 0.70345885 03e5badd-3e5a-47a5-b031-9557421d6f65 00:51:53.830 --> 00:51:56.150 now working close coordination NOTE Confidence: 0.70345885 0c8fa8fb-02e2-42a5-bf36-115a369cac10 00:51:56.150 --> 00:51:58.470 to inform pilots too. NOTE Confidence: 0.70345885 978f8fd9-0530-4179-9d24-5e0ab9fef6fd 00:51:58.470 --> 00:52:01.200 About conditions an in variety of NOTE Confidence: 0.70345885 91014a4f-e311-4400-b8ed-7abc504067de 00:52:01.200 --> 00:52:03.020 ways during volcanic eruptions, NOTE Confidence: 0.70345885 7b32ada4-657f-498c-8274-eb76eac91dab 00:52:03.020 --> 00:52:05.300 you know, in in 1982, NOTE Confidence: 0.70345885 7d888eef-4062-4f6d-a3eb-25dff6c2bb68 00:52:05.300 --> 00:52:07.116 Congress finally acted to NOTE Confidence: 0.70345885 03e61ee2-a9ad-4592-b1e6-b76375392bdf 00:52:07.116 --> 00:52:09.386 preserve the Mount Saint Helens, NOTE Confidence: 0.70345885 e729b395-9827-4110-bdfd-a871eafbba86 00:52:09.390 --> 00:52:11.210 the unique volcanic landscape NOTE Confidence: 0.70345885 12f5159d-aa67-4a53-b0de-13fd5cac427e 00:52:11.210 --> 00:52:12.575 since the 1930s, NOTE Confidence: 0.70345885 81bf0c0a-89d7-4cd6-afdb-32d71d7be48f 00:52:12.580 --> 00:52:14.850 people had been trying to NOTE Confidence: 0.70345885 019c576f-f607-47c8-a372-9a7945910343 00:52:14.850 --> 00:52:16.666 protect Mount Saint Helens, NOTE Confidence: 0.70345885 cb15d6ca-77f2-4ac8-b60f-759e43bb9fba 00:52:16.670 --> 00:52:21.810 and it was just very had been a tough row. NOTE Confidence: 0.70345885 6758e6ea-4400-4f8c-8ecb-97a97544cf6a 00:52:21.810 --> 00:52:23.970 To HO and finally the interest NOTE Confidence: 0.70345885 dacc6355-232d-46be-8677-5cbec037e718 00:52:23.970 --> 00:52:26.905 was there in 1980 and 82 we had NOTE Confidence: 0.70345885 be303356-070e-4c49-a7bb-b7db68a0daf4 00:52:26.905 --> 00:52:29.023 at the formation of Melting Hills NOTE Confidence: 0.70345885 1222dcb0-7460-41e9-8d23-a486068ab666 00:52:29.101 --> 00:52:31.129 National Volcanic Monument. NOTE Confidence: 0.70345885 afd1d501-937f-4e4c-885d-69e1a3aa053d 00:52:31.130 --> 00:52:33.560 So now there are many opportunities NOTE Confidence: 0.70345885 0b730dc6-8223-4c9c-a65a-461faf5c8ccf 00:52:33.560 --> 00:52:35.180 for visits and learning. NOTE Confidence: 0.77073306 99c282e2-44e7-4f2f-bf0e-4427bca9d3fc 00:52:37.250 --> 00:52:40.340 They exist today. NOTE Confidence: 0.77073306 48313d63-a94a-4e6a-a008-4994356cc700 00:52:40.340 --> 00:52:42.924 Now I'm going to tell you a few NOTE Confidence: 0.77073306 41eefc45-b4db-4c27-a0d3-01e8dc653ad0 00:52:42.924 --> 00:52:45.412 months for a few minutes and my NOTE Confidence: 0.77073306 6ea875c8-fe9f-4715-b425-9f8bedea3708 00:52:45.412 --> 00:52:48.030 experience and that of my colleague, NOTE Confidence: 0.77073306 46595b50-b612-48c1-99da-845755a3c50d 00:52:48.030 --> 00:52:49.296 Doctor Mindy Brugman, NOTE Confidence: 0.77073306 2dfb9757-85e4-452f-b1a3-826f94a44638 00:52:49.296 --> 00:52:51.828 and because Mindy's reason I was NOTE Confidence: 0.77073306 3e4955b2-52ae-4f7a-82e9-6d9fbc85062b 00:52:51.828 --> 00:52:54.795 there on May 17th on the north side of NOTE Confidence: 0.77073306 c8e2d7fd-81f9-4c98-a044-0d592f559bd7 00:52:54.795 --> 00:52:57.176 Mount Saint Helens in the 1st place. NOTE Confidence: 0.77073306 28722b8b-3650-4189-90e4-bc8f92cec91b 00:52:57.180 --> 00:52:59.652 So Mindy was a grad student at Caltech NOTE Confidence: 0.77073306 6c3771a8-6c52-4b3f-9209-1454b9f7aff8 00:52:59.652 --> 00:53:02.298 and she was studying mounting Helens. NOTE Confidence: 0.77073306 2ae50a9b-a0ad-4ea8-a176-d834762ebcb1 00:53:02.300 --> 00:53:04.496 She had been doing it even NOTE Confidence: 0.77073306 fd64a91c-fd3e-44db-90d8-506d0ed8b187 00:53:04.496 --> 00:53:05.960 before the volcano reawakened, NOTE Confidence: 0.77073306 a81d2790-9f93-44a6-8b09-43f96c156064 00:53:05.960 --> 00:53:08.180 but now her work began a NOTE Confidence: 0.77073306 7be58c4c-2bb9-4b42-99f8-033ba1485e2c 00:53:08.180 --> 00:53:09.990 new direction to look at. NOTE Confidence: 0.77073306 739dd697-3054-4454-98c1-673e20ac13c9 00:53:09.990 --> 00:53:11.618 The effect of a. NOTE Confidence: 0.77073306 3efcb294-2424-4a73-b1ca-c49e42607144 00:53:11.618 --> 00:53:14.060 A warming volcano on the glaciers NOTE Confidence: 0.77073306 45e093d7-b625-453b-9431-d8679df98d36 00:53:14.151 --> 00:53:15.129 on its side. NOTE Confidence: 0.77073306 04c8df52-0c09-4072-82b2-0a357cab78be 00:53:15.130 --> 00:53:17.098 So Mindy asked for some help, NOTE Confidence: 0.77073306 d87270b4-87fb-4fc8-b6cd-ee9e1f556f49 00:53:17.100 --> 00:53:19.580 and she asked if I would be willing NOTE Confidence: 0.77073306 7f6252fa-f618-4940-afcf-86d947fc9a2a 00:53:19.580 --> 00:53:21.892 to come down to Mount Saint Helens NOTE Confidence: 0.77073306 6e2b822c-9f29-4b9e-b716-bd2731b8ab8c 00:53:21.892 --> 00:53:24.669 and help her for a couple of days. NOTE Confidence: 0.77073306 b486cb17-0c97-43d9-936b-49dff347cfdd 00:53:24.670 --> 00:53:27.622 We went down on the morning of May 17th. NOTE Confidence: 0.77073306 3291a593-677e-462a-8f32-76f4f0489baf 00:53:27.630 --> 00:53:29.940 I guess the afternoon of May 17th. NOTE Confidence: 0.77073306 d74e4bef-4c2f-49dd-9bcd-ee43688ef3d1 00:53:29.940 --> 00:53:31.782 Here's Mindy looking at a time NOTE Confidence: 0.77073306 4fb0ed16-7446-442d-a317-dc73bc699aae 00:53:31.782 --> 00:53:34.188 lapse camera setup at cold water to NOTE Confidence: 0.77073306 da030633-9c8c-4a1f-912e-aa7d7d3218f1 00:53:34.188 --> 00:53:36.048 observation site and there's myself NOTE Confidence: 0.77073306 5e35e9f7-1155-4f1c-9c5e-8b71ab4f91f5 00:53:36.048 --> 00:53:37.740 observing the time lapse camera NOTE Confidence: 0.77073306 443304a1-4d8b-4496-b45a-ab75614be6e1 00:53:37.740 --> 00:53:39.805 with the bulge in the four gram. NOTE Confidence: 0.77073306 ae81c83f-f86d-4a40-9bee-ba7b4657bbb6 00:53:39.810 --> 00:53:42.434 I think as glaci ologist we were not. NOTE Confidence: 0.77073306 634fd8ce-645a-4050-a5d4-bb007f55046e 00:53:42.440 --> 00:53:45.135 We were we didn't have a full. NOTE Confidence: 0.77073306 c69f2f29-5e52-48e0-a6d6-170651724b9c 00:53:45.140 --> 00:53:47.060 Understanding of the forces NOTE Confidence: 0.77073306 0f295bd8-fe53-4347-a820-f76b196396d1 00:53:47.060 --> 00:53:49.940 that might influence us at that NOTE Confidence: 0.77073306 b8941dfd-38d9-470e-8b20-d5754b6110fa 00:53:50.022 --> 00:53:52.297 time if the volcano erupted. NOTE Confidence: 0.80768603 c8e27ade-75d6-4cd9-bbf4-d7da5467ec62 00:53:54.320 --> 00:53:57.050 Harry Glicken, who is directing the NOTE Confidence: 0.80768603 c22074ad-35c4-4e87-95af-2ceac76514d4 00:53:57.050 --> 00:53:59.380 volcano from the director's chair. NOTE Confidence: 0.80768603 2f9705d7-3c1d-4a09-a230-4543aa339395 00:53:59.380 --> 00:54:02.860 And minis examining the the place NOTE Confidence: 0.80768603 0c9c4d7c-f5a4-4cba-91f9-866532a8aad0 00:54:02.860 --> 00:54:05.750 theology offices laser Ranger that NOTE Confidence: 0.80768603 9d08dd85-4b95-48fd-ac89-9e2cd7c1eaca 00:54:05.750 --> 00:54:08.618 she delivered earlier at the request NOTE Confidence: 0.80768603 da37919f-dc8c-4a65-b7be-c154bb3ba8cd 00:54:08.618 --> 00:54:11.900 of our our manager Mark Meyer. NOTE Confidence: 0.80768603 1395ab31-9e60-45d5-ba95-d5633620c857 00:54:11.900 --> 00:54:14.676 And the intention was to look at the NOTE Confidence: 0.80768603 7f0d742b-8a9c-4271-b72e-556690b3a213 00:54:14.676 --> 00:54:17.270 bulge and how much it was growing. NOTE Confidence: 0.80768603 9adedb90-dd9c-4655-97a6-5e84620165a0 00:54:17.270 --> 00:54:18.622 Here's David Johnston catching NOTE Confidence: 0.80768603 87050b51-13bb-4475-844a-b17dc89b9143 00:54:18.622 --> 00:54:20.650 up on field notes that afternoon. NOTE Confidence: 0.80768603 eb1f3c4f-34e9-4e8e-afe9-80d0d86064a1 00:54:20.650 --> 00:54:23.016 I think this is the last picture NOTE Confidence: 0.80768603 e979be77-1b22-4543-9471-4a51d3257a47 00:54:23.016 --> 00:54:24.030 taken of him. NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 e065ff98-a58b-41df-be97-02afa5ccd746 00:54:27.140 --> 00:54:29.764 May 17th, around 9:00 o'clock in the evening. NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 019ce13c-5633-4dfe-95cf-680567df90bc 00:54:29.770 --> 00:54:31.735 Well, while we were still NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 d2162edf-7398-4f83-9d67-51d6db309bef 00:54:31.735 --> 00:54:33.307 sitting there talking David. NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 02e293c0-d492-4954-8ef2-bb588155a66e 00:54:33.310 --> 00:54:35.454 We had a lot of chit chat and NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 7ace5038-f186-471d-b23b-bd588f51842a 00:54:35.454 --> 00:54:37.000 David said that you know, NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 4ef314dd-a94c-4c4b-8387-668e02d8e7f9 00:54:37.000 --> 00:54:39.628 I think this isn't the safest place to be NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 e022270f-794c-44d6-9b43-5a8fd5bb8278 00:54:39.628 --> 00:54:42.396 and I feel like I really need to be here. NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 5b770573-6728-48bd-b958-e5e03ad50555 00:54:42.400 --> 00:54:43.820 Somebody needs to be here. NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 aa8938f3-1ef9-414d-af35-6e259706a83e 00:54:43.820 --> 00:54:46.084 I'm going to. I need to stay here, NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 1763ac9f-03d9-43fd-a2f3-80cfcb916884 00:54:46.090 --> 00:54:48.646 but we should have not too many people here. NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 8adc2f9d-69fa-4b92-947b-63eba82c14bd 00:54:48.650 --> 00:54:50.348 This have as few as possible, NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 bb9c9189-2ea2-4119-b528-915528f2589c 00:54:50.350 --> 00:54:52.678 so why don't you Mindy and Carolyn Ann NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 2e971a05-fe26-4fc1-9c41-c60402171c24 00:54:52.678 --> 00:54:54.890 Harry leave then come back and pick up. NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 58b99d37-2026-4ff1-b245-2fecd25549aa 00:54:54.890 --> 00:54:57.164 Get it right on the helicopter NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 3640218a-4773-405e-9fc8-36c38f32087c 00:54:57.164 --> 00:54:59.010 the next day and so. NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 3debee98-58f3-41c1-a68c-127e3a96d84b 00:54:59.010 --> 00:55:00.684 Reluctantly we we put our gear NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 b05425a4-394d-433e-ab5c-4ab84fbbb203 00:55:00.684 --> 00:55:03.009 back in the car and we drove back NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 9bc1f553-f68d-4ddf-9c67-6a0d6b4fb536 00:55:03.009 --> 00:55:05.087 down to Vancouver and this is a NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 222bf49d-e729-446b-8247-3d2f33106a0d 00:55:05.087 --> 00:55:07.173 State Route 504 and you can see NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 8ccd9bee-456e-4a28-9bf2-f2d935aaff1c 00:55:07.173 --> 00:55:09.230 mounting Helens is probably one of NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 ff3f5379-31c1-4faf-8559-e0f17651ed50 00:55:09.230 --> 00:55:11.858 the last pictures that was taken of NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 8eea68cd-e112-4bf5-9441-7be60528d023 00:55:11.858 --> 00:55:14.006 Mount Saint Helens in full form. NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 da5d891b-268e-49f4-95d4-3334c4abeb6a 00:55:14.010 --> 00:55:17.370 Late in the evening of May 17th. NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 13200c95-2786-475c-a78c-9d72254e0868 00:55:17.370 --> 00:55:19.490 And so we stated the the in in NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 d3a5baa4-6773-4c29-9426-1cb8ea561a8c 00:55:19.490 --> 00:55:21.101 Vancouver and we attended the NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 5419a889-6e6b-4b2c-82af-c0a0d73d450d 00:55:21.101 --> 00:55:23.129 Sunday morning 7:00 AM meeting and NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 74de8714-d813-4148-85ff-7bbc6ebda907 00:55:23.129 --> 00:55:25.000 where everybody talked about what NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 aa675a3b-a02e-4528-8856-e1e476bbe16c 00:55:25.000 --> 00:55:27.208 activities they were going to do, NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 4f38c40d-90d5-427e-8d3e-047f1adb946e 00:55:27.210 --> 00:55:29.178 I remember one thing I had. NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 822a7150-879f-41c1-98b2-8f6837cdab01 00:55:29.180 --> 00:55:33.014 Dan Miller said that he was going to be NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 138485cc-86c1-45cd-8658-f7596e5d2ef1 00:55:33.014 --> 00:55:36.576 going up that day and he was going to. NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 3d2d17aa-d130-4470-a019-c057f1bebe0a 00:55:36.580 --> 00:55:39.429 Attend to see that perhaps a military NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 50d78fb0-bec5-4587-907e-8e2e16380236 00:55:39.429 --> 00:55:42.171 tank could be put up at Coldwater NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 ecc22d42-723d-4605-94ee-abc73fc3c8ab 00:55:42.171 --> 00:55:44.970 Twos as a safety place of safety. NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 70ea4c99-5f1b-4953-85ec-88f2ec32de21 00:55:44.970 --> 00:55:46.306 He drove up I5. NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 09c48cd5-0b71-480c-bc34-3c2dbc339dee 00:55:46.306 --> 00:55:48.771 Mindy Brugman and I were a few NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 06d61bcf-579c-4b34-88f2-27461be7f6dd 00:55:48.771 --> 00:55:51.057 minutes behind him on our way NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 df9fe955-e65a-48f6-b476-78ef9585e346 00:55:51.057 --> 00:55:53.478 to Mount Saint Helens as well, NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 7421f373-5f33-465d-b52f-689da75ac831 00:55:53.480 --> 00:55:55.330 and somewhere between Law Center NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 794303e7-a0e5-45a1-bf3c-fae3115562f3 00:55:55.330 --> 00:55:57.180 and Richfield on Interstate 5, NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 8615413f-6b3b-4d99-8f1c-07aea415aff3 00:55:57.180 --> 00:55:59.371 Mindy and I notice a black cloud NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 6247fcd5-4091-42ab-8764-a98f2abcb4a4 00:55:59.371 --> 00:56:02.105 forming on the north side of the NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 14383975-35f3-480e-bd01-aa999e480c39 00:56:02.105 --> 00:56:03.833 volcano and progressing northward. NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 7bf2fbd7-84bb-46a5-ae2c-f196a07d6d29 00:56:03.840 --> 00:56:06.036 It was moving up towards the NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 0c5654e1-1127-45b8-9aee-23d66f678764 00:56:06.036 --> 00:56:07.910 hills that Mount Margaret area, NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 8fc3e8c4-a3ce-459a-8aff-e54fab185160 00:56:07.910 --> 00:56:10.130 moving a bleakly away from us. NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 c8cebc6c-9db1-4465-ad50-c590921fe119 00:56:10.130 --> 00:56:13.460 There was an we did not know what it NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 e1d009a8-8854-4645-b2fa-450c562a7cbd 00:56:13.460 --> 00:56:16.046 was at 1st, and we finally realized. NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 aaf200f4-9b40-467b-ac52-e4cf3dcd188c 00:56:16.046 --> 00:56:18.260 We went back to Vancouver and NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 992e2a56-5cbd-4eaa-a35c-18fcb606352d 00:56:18.338 --> 00:56:20.528 began addressing the news media. NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 ea3f7664-1c2a-4279-adb1-46513ac31627 00:56:20.530 --> 00:56:22.630 Dan Miller would get the information NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 b72f6a37-345d-4694-8594-b9582c69f9c6 00:56:22.630 --> 00:56:24.730 from people out in the field. NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 c8330edc-2265-4460-a0f4-1938885d2eeb 00:56:24.730 --> 00:56:26.830 We would assemble it as talking NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 cb55c939-d258-4596-9d59-635d313c918e 00:56:26.830 --> 00:56:27.880 points and deliver. NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 953552aa-59a1-4054-a17c-3c565a34be15 00:56:27.880 --> 00:56:32.110 It was a very sobering time and no food day. NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 de2bba5e-3372-4099-b730-fad4699bfea9 00:56:32.110 --> 00:56:33.970 And people said, you know. NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 95f70757-acdf-4b58-9665-7ecb815ffd53 00:56:33.970 --> 00:56:36.190 **** Fisk was a Supriya Losophy NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 a932401c-91a7-487b-8c71-836996e1f1bf 00:56:36.190 --> 00:56:38.370 Adequada loop, and at Saint Vincent, NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 c5121e91-bea2-477b-b84d-a38467e825d7 00:56:38.370 --> 00:56:41.356 and he's going to give us some advice NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 0f6ca0ff-584b-4cb3-875d-74508807c224 00:56:41.356 --> 00:56:43.974 on how we handle the news media. NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 18b0e940-4af8-45e0-9531-7e6d843fe8e0 00:56:43.980 --> 00:56:45.480 So between ***** advice, NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 a6e6e8f1-e5de-4494-b1a0-966f2d99eb59 00:56:45.480 --> 00:56:47.730 an are working within the structure NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 8dbc5e1a-86a0-4dca-88c6-07d083585f50 00:56:47.802 --> 00:56:49.178 of the Forest Service. NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 b3446e75-6aab-42ab-a4f4-0a4aaa4a06a3 00:56:49.180 --> 00:56:51.532 We worked as best we could to NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 874a2228-88d3-4cde-a264-7fa717f2b708 00:56:51.532 --> 00:56:53.260 have a successful response. NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 cf729360-3e2b-4956-97b9-c833ceeea5e5 00:56:53.260 --> 00:56:56.164 These are just a couple of other photos NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 c941975c-3f49-4e08-8b09-88b24ed42398 00:56:56.164 --> 00:56:59.190 that I have of Mindy in the office, NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 ef7a54db-03c0-4f3d-833d-cbe185fb65c5 00:56:59.190 --> 00:57:01.070 and people Richard wait. NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 3cb4e7f7-e2cd-4ca4-9d4c-2d0acbd81dc3 00:57:01.070 --> 00:57:03.890 And keeps topple and gets done. NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 710bad21-ba2c-4876-9b85-658e735f26d8 00:57:03.890 --> 00:57:07.598 Swanson, the lower left hand corner. NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 2a0e7b51-2639-4b34-a0ca-42361495dba3 00:57:07.600 --> 00:57:10.204 OK, so as with these drivers on NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 38d1cd51-2a35-423e-8790-43a2e7d731a0 00:57:10.204 --> 00:57:13.446 I-5 we all had to learn to adjust. NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 ba683a31-08d7-4871-97b6-e7af4a2b9958 00:57:13.450 --> 00:57:14.246 You know, NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 daeede31-d9c2-4ecf-8087-177b7a68aac4 00:57:14.246 --> 00:57:16.236 from viewing volcanoes as benign NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 59c90154-ce2a-4170-9c15-afc42083d3c3 00:57:16.236 --> 00:57:18.520 to features that could harm you. NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 d5c9a4c4-3ee0-4277-a0bd-f9753b962535 00:57:18.520 --> 00:57:20.080 Know from being isolated, NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 e17a6a8b-00da-4bb1-b7f8-dac4b691d96a 00:57:20.080 --> 00:57:20.860 doing isolating, NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 d1e4e311-da4e-48f4-905b-7c5fa06cd839 00:57:20.860 --> 00:57:22.820 monitoring to having full networks NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 4811bd8c-deec-4872-8660-38acdba8ef89 00:57:22.820 --> 00:57:25.206 full of rays of monitoring data NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 d82408ad-a3a8-4d91-b874-a3b2712bb4d1 00:57:25.206 --> 00:57:27.006 from scientists I looming in NOTE Confidence: 0.824673 f74481b3-f489-4e2c-bfc8-98d6faf9bd6a 00:57:27.006 --> 00:57:28.446 our offices to working NOTE Confidence: 0.821056800000001 73d00632-78a8-4d2e-8539-83e231d7f6a8 00:57:28.510 --> 00:57:30.535 in partnership to address societal NOTE Confidence: 0.821056800000001 9851eff7-734a-4ec1-9267-807079a2aade 00:57:30.535 --> 00:57:32.950 need and from isolation with emergency NOTE Confidence: 0.821056800000001 c382201d-f272-47e8-a09f-1c629299605f 00:57:32.950 --> 00:57:34.900 managers to planning with them. NOTE Confidence: 0.821056800000001 351d087e-fb18-4c8e-92b1-d020978f1f6a 00:57:34.900 --> 00:57:37.756 Now from news media avoidance to actually. NOTE Confidence: 0.821056800000001 5977fd11-e48c-464d-943d-90b7e160a3fa 00:57:37.760 --> 00:57:40.441 Working with the news media and educating NOTE Confidence: 0.821056800000001 c167c9e4-9c9f-4a58-96d1-2d0e46c63535 00:57:40.441 --> 00:57:43.630 them, and from accepting an uneducated NOTE Confidence: 0.821056800000001 85aa2930-1c69-46f9-b9b4-9a88dd991308 00:57:43.630 --> 00:57:46.430 public to educating that public. NOTE Confidence: 0.821056800000001 f2969b06-f58a-4859-b071-ae6010f5842d 00:57:46.430 --> 00:57:49.085 There are lots of resources that you can go NOTE Confidence: 0.821056800000001 4d637af5-f3ab-45d6-bcbd-a752ed7383c8 00:57:49.085 --> 00:57:51.885 to to learn more about Cascade volcanoes. NOTE Confidence: 0.821056800000001 9b950cbb-5ef8-4ebc-a726-f5203412f4be 00:57:51.890 --> 00:57:52.961 There's social media. NOTE Confidence: 0.821056800000001 e707ddc0-3ceb-48be-a0f5-f225fe0f19d8 00:57:52.961 --> 00:57:55.103 There is actually an update that NOTE Confidence: 0.821056800000001 71891de4-4fa3-48e6-9877-acce5d3b6496 00:57:55.103 --> 00:57:57.006 comes out every Friday that tells NOTE Confidence: 0.821056800000001 98944921-6b5b-4e1d-b766-f6f98a0314cd 00:57:57.006 --> 00:57:59.389 what's going on in the Cascade Range. NOTE Confidence: 0.821056800000001 10dc22df-083e-424c-837d-0fed847025ab 00:57:59.390 --> 00:58:01.090 Additionally, for the 40th anniversary, NOTE Confidence: 0.821056800000001 89719cd6-b99d-4fbe-b11d-f954059c0b55 00:58:01.090 --> 00:58:03.450 we created a fact sheet. 10 ways. NOTE Confidence: 0.821056800000001 31ea45de-ffe8-460c-b73f-9c631012c3d3 00:58:03.450 --> 00:58:04.750 Atmel Saint Helens changed NOTE Confidence: 0.821056800000001 15dc0b05-c15d-4da1-bcd3-7ffbfffa6ec1 00:58:04.750 --> 00:58:06.550 our world and its online, NOTE Confidence: 0.821056800000001 468202ad-5cf2-481b-b822-3b24e10906d0 00:58:06.550 --> 00:58:08.804 and we also have a probably a NOTE Confidence: 0.821056800000001 72d9d915-6df6-4b04-9302-4cac2f6b683d 00:58:08.804 --> 00:58:10.639 few 1000 copies to deliver. NOTE Confidence: 0.821056800000001 2ab1802e-e9f1-458e-a815-2a68da734d35 00:58:10.640 --> 00:58:12.692 Since most of our arms are NOTE Confidence: 0.821056800000001 fe7344c3-8c9c-49a7-9d10-7b5a909c1a7c 00:58:12.692 --> 00:58:14.729 actually all of our on site, NOTE Confidence: 0.821056800000001 d9357706-c0ab-48b5-9695-8daaf1c2fc50 00:58:14.730 --> 00:58:15.801 40th anniversary events NOTE Confidence: 0.821056800000001 0d3eb68b-3678-4846-b328-031b830581d4 00:58:15.801 --> 00:58:17.586 were cancelled due to the. NOTE Confidence: 0.821056800000001 ef7d17d9-75c5-410f-a255-709a84e15b0e 00:58:17.590 --> 00:58:18.565 Pandemic last year, NOTE Confidence: 0.821056800000001 403f48d7-9405-40f9-b9a9-c09de2377021 00:58:18.565 --> 00:58:21.660 so if you want to learn more about this, NOTE Confidence: 0.821056800000001 0fb40d57-ad76-4646-9504-f32f238359cf 00:58:21.660 --> 00:58:23.350 how mounting Helens change things, NOTE Confidence: 0.821056800000001 973d8c76-7466-478b-92dd-0d8b9ec55788 00:58:23.350 --> 00:58:26.388 take a look at that fact sheet. NOTE Confidence: 0.821056800000001 40e4b032-e39e-44cc-b825-6c3ca2df5941 00:58:26.390 --> 00:58:28.502 Thank you and I hope that you enjoy NOTE Confidence: 0.821056800000001 90c591f9-cf83-4d27-a4b1-fa8f6cac3091 00:58:28.502 --> 00:58:30.895 this and I hope you had a good evening. NOTE Confidence: 0.82683885 6482c049-29a4-4e89-a452-9040286c5ce0 00:58:34.000 --> 00:58:35.077 Thank you Carol, NOTE Confidence: 0.82683885 d4072f73-3d28-45cd-9c08-a2b4c561e7f1 00:58:35.077 --> 00:58:38.060 and that was that was a great talk. NOTE Confidence: 0.82683885 a4f6bcef-ddf9-41e2-ab60-130f9b4ed03c 00:58:38.060 --> 00:58:40.517 We are now open for question and NOTE Confidence: 0.82683885 51c22203-70af-476e-a64a-88c009f48e58 00:58:40.517 --> 00:58:42.490 answer portion of the lecture. NOTE Confidence: 0.82683885 e1697308-a918-43a6-91d0-c7b98abe3963 00:58:42.490 --> 00:58:44.590 Haven't monitoring questions that NOTE Confidence: 0.82683885 5a2a8b5c-d95a-4a40-9329-7028b5fadcdf 00:58:44.590 --> 00:58:47.740 have come through and have captured NOTE Confidence: 0.82683885 92bb721b-69b3-4578-b3d4-216468bad9ed 00:58:47.817 --> 00:58:50.055 all similar ones together an I NOTE Confidence: 0.82683885 ba3bd8b3-452c-474d-8c67-10b5a9e4ec49 00:58:50.055 --> 00:58:52.459 will ask those out loud first. NOTE Confidence: 0.82683885 aa71dd6b-2781-4c48-a303-ea150c63eca4 00:58:52.460 --> 00:58:55.956 First question from someone is on that day. NOTE Confidence: 0.82683885 ce7f9261-95fd-4dd5-b855-b40a2ba82283 00:58:55.960 --> 00:58:59.474 In March 1980, when your supervisor mark NOTE Confidence: 0.82683885 3ecb2fc1-1a03-475e-92cd-265da33592aa 00:58:59.474 --> 00:59:03.326 came through down the corridor with news of. NOTE Confidence: 0.82683885 838fca10-c710-4cf0-9e4c-f9af6b915d14 00:59:03.330 --> 00:59:05.045 Steve's phone call about the NOTE Confidence: 0.82683885 54b2a330-094a-45c6-af3a-deb37ee12872 00:59:05.045 --> 00:59:06.760 waking of Mount Saint Helens. NOTE Confidence: 0.82683885 9bbf6f75-2c30-4b19-99ac-337b496ce487 00:59:06.760 --> 00:59:08.818 Did your heart go into your NOTE Confidence: 0.82683885 acdddc12-dc23-42dc-8552-f4a132fd1541 00:59:08.818 --> 00:59:10.663 mouth knowing what was, uh, NOTE Confidence: 0.82683885 e70d1eab-9497-456b-ada7-f612cd93d69c 00:59:10.663 --> 00:59:13.028 what could what could lead NOTE Confidence: 0.82683885 7950ca86-7c42-46ad-8248-22b7aad4a2bd 00:59:13.028 --> 00:59:14.447 to total disbelief? NOTE Confidence: 0.82683885 80d6bebb-86b9-4fd7-8096-54c78081c2d6 00:59:14.450 --> 00:59:16.711 We were on the 8th floor of NOTE Confidence: 0.82683885 3a62ddb5-929e-4c31-8332-ff0c85aea883 00:59:16.711 --> 00:59:18.420 the Pacific Bank building, NOTE Confidence: 0.82683885 a4ff3235-3271-4a53-85b0-23d09884e611 00:59:18.420 --> 00:59:18.758 Southside. NOTE Confidence: 0.82683885 71c08237-aa0b-4dc0-b2f7-ce1a2b749c97 00:59:18.758 --> 00:59:21.124 We later on were able to see NOTE Confidence: 0.82683885 b0861ad0-c91c-4c96-8b7a-cb5ea7d13cf4 00:59:21.124 --> 00:59:23.108 eruptions of Mount Saint Helens, NOTE Confidence: 0.82683885 442bf11f-2268-4f5b-92eb-47a871103231 00:59:23.110 --> 00:59:25.322 but on that rainy day with no NOTE Confidence: 0.82683885 28726cb0-fa68-4d67-8bc0-7623f8b88167 00:59:25.322 --> 00:59:28.192 clouds in the sky and green being it NOTE Confidence: 0.82683885 420180f3-8753-4160-b46e-ff6229d78709 00:59:28.192 --> 00:59:30.700 beating against the the the windows, NOTE Confidence: 0.82683885 e77ee324-4666-4d8c-91ca-f8e5bb1db70b 00:59:30.700 --> 00:59:32.495 it seemed like an impossibility NOTE Confidence: 0.82683885 60ebe82f-a31e-405a-a4e3-5fb952d5885f 00:59:32.495 --> 00:59:34.670 and anyone also seem like well, NOTE Confidence: 0.82683885 3dd18dff-5721-4a0e-adb9-1a718776588a 00:59:34.670 --> 00:59:37.078 why would we be the ones privileged NOTE Confidence: 0.82683885 ccd0c8bf-c0f4-4e4c-a17d-8ff4af670a08 00:59:37.078 --> 00:59:39.358 to see this in our lifetime? NOTE Confidence: 0.89510727 69c05e59-8a08-467e-b85d-9f5b84619acf 00:59:42.370 --> 00:59:46.950 OK. Another question is when I visited NOTE Confidence: 0.89510727 77224d6e-aa22-4cdf-bf8f-0f61d816b236 00:59:46.950 --> 00:59:49.476 Seattle, I was amazed to see how NOTE Confidence: 0.89510727 9ebb4a28-1316-4370-8ad3-6d3391562c7c 00:59:49.476 --> 00:59:52.008 close Mount Rainier is to the city. NOTE Confidence: 0.89510727 581601b8-35bf-45fe-9bf2-e7db60770fe1 00:59:52.010 --> 00:59:54.138 Do you fear what might happen there? NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 b1b2adb1-083c-4904-bc37-6d9e3a6ba5ce 00:59:58.610 --> 01:00:00.038 Mount Rainier is yes. NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 d2e41268-9870-4d0f-9a1b-192fe3c1ad4d 01:00:00.038 --> 01:00:01.466 It's close to Seattle, NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 d1fb3e07-f2cf-4842-954b-5873ca4da4f4 01:00:01.470 --> 01:00:03.521 but it's also much closer to a NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 5294f023-7e26-415b-9304-8b7d45abaef4 01:00:03.521 --> 01:00:05.753 lot of other good communities in NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 667db63a-ed06-45a9-91ab-d20985990f99 01:00:05.753 --> 01:00:07.883 the southern Puget Sound area. NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 2384f12b-7045-4e35-a523-195214544d4b 01:00:07.890 --> 01:00:09.318 Those are the communities NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 5d79bee0-5ef5-43ae-928c-d8d21e1f7058 01:00:09.318 --> 01:00:11.103 that are most at risk, NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 d1911c10-8bea-406b-bcfc-faeecd2037b7 01:00:11.110 --> 01:00:13.280 and they're the ones that we work NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 75c894b5-65b9-4631-a7ab-6f8026fbe096 01:00:13.280 --> 01:00:15.389 with to the greatest extent, NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 2289cca5-7774-42dd-8111-eddbc40178e5 01:00:15.390 --> 01:00:18.070 a lot of the terrain in the valleys NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 059b23f8-2d9c-4ad0-b684-3c9d5f55e92e 01:00:18.070 --> 01:00:19.932 of southern Puget Sound area NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 7b0d0714-5673-4e26-8950-06ece49d2945 01:00:19.932 --> 01:00:22.164 were once part of Puget Sound. NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 8428ea12-3549-44db-9b66-906b13ba5a31 01:00:22.170 --> 01:00:25.026 They were filled in in part by these NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 e4118299-7e32-47e7-a0dd-2872849db294 01:00:25.026 --> 01:00:27.599 large lahar over over the millennia. NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 a5169a9e-281b-416a-aa7f-40722217a39e 01:00:27.600 --> 01:00:29.436 These these areas were filled in, NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 1b6150e3-f201-436c-931a-a3bffa5edfe1 01:00:29.440 --> 01:00:30.975 so we're very familiar with NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 7d53bc32-2b3e-46af-a6fe-fb053531e979 01:00:30.975 --> 01:00:32.510 the hazards to that area. NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 e9a53d83-6d6f-47a1-a2c7-9f33315d36eb 01:00:32.510 --> 01:00:34.346 That's what we're most concerned with. NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 d0d8c150-67a4-4201-ad3f-68f1a67497bc 01:00:34.350 --> 01:00:35.271 Seattle itself, Tacoma. NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 b5faca52-7199-4620-8eef-b81050b9e25c 01:00:35.271 --> 01:00:37.420 Both cities are up on the hill. NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 2482a4c5-08bb-4c1f-8282-53b66dbd61d8 01:00:37.420 --> 01:00:40.183 The ports of those cities are both at risk, NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 9f2e2698-b114-4cfe-be8d-7b4566271234 01:00:40.190 --> 01:00:42.827 and of course we do work with King County NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 a037dbdf-a5df-45ea-93ea-8b84f293f69a 01:00:42.827 --> 01:00:45.404 and the people in the City of Seattle, NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 b7b6e910-6bd5-44bf-b51f-d9357bb86019 01:00:45.410 --> 01:00:46.940 but it's mostly, you know, NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 602af883-36b3-4cc4-a8b1-b90e93116e37 01:00:46.940 --> 01:00:48.914 the people in Puyallup Valley of the NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 f1bb334c-5ab7-4f3b-b721-cbc2c0c545b8 01:00:48.914 --> 01:00:50.929 city of Orting and Puyallup Sumner. NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 d3866d04-194e-48bc-b566-c952750d9f3d 01:00:50.930 --> 01:00:52.465 All good folks who have NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 cafe6ded-0dc9-4681-97e9-ebf1232cb899 01:00:52.465 --> 01:00:54.000 really taken this to heart. NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 c529e97f-6ea0-4a82-8524-a4bf4bd4a526 01:00:54.000 --> 01:00:57.328 You know, we went in there in 1993. NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 b91968ff-6a0a-4c23-8549-3d1b94c90e1f 01:00:57.330 --> 01:00:59.900 And we talked to there, it wasn't me. NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 39d89cd8-6dbc-4b07-804a-7c3b9c8bf95f 01:00:59.900 --> 01:01:01.820 I wasn't involved at the time, NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 5a4f8304-a8b7-43bf-96ec-3ae54da8f577 01:01:01.820 --> 01:01:04.088 but some of my colleagues eadwulf in NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 20fbddb5-507c-41ae-a095-29a26e089870 01:01:04.088 --> 01:01:06.050 and Steve Brantley and others went NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 42bad8df-ae5a-4039-9986-1a2f2067ba18 01:01:06.050 --> 01:01:08.428 to the community and said, you know? NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 55310e73-a7b7-4c9e-a2df-207d41c31fac 01:01:08.428 --> 01:01:10.498 You have a problem here. NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 4223e8dc-e846-427f-9aca-4c06ab31a3e4 01:01:10.500 --> 01:01:11.156 Public officials. NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 c48c10ad-f86d-44f3-80e3-ae4007c5e1ae 01:01:11.156 --> 01:01:13.452 We have this threat from Mount Rainier. NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 5f4eab23-01e2-4f47-9195-2551b5fcff6c 01:01:13.460 --> 01:01:15.428 Yeah, I know you see it. NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 39f38891-8b1e-4854-bf2b-4e2101385f04 01:01:15.430 --> 01:01:17.726 I know it's on your city emblem, NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 e1b8a4e0-1d48-4cea-aa0b-2bfc91be5dfc 01:01:17.730 --> 01:01:19.854 but it's also a threat because NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 90989cab-f6d4-465a-9aa2-d9e7a400fd99 01:01:19.854 --> 01:01:22.075 mud could come down here and NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 3b662ffd-8b07-47eb-a518-dcbfd7241408 01:01:22.075 --> 01:01:23.895 very this this entire area. NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 576ae351-9671-4695-8e08-a55198eeadaa 01:01:23.900 --> 01:01:25.880 And to their credit, NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 1fadb6a6-d925-4119-b0e0-34ab9030b31c 01:01:25.880 --> 01:01:29.505 they have taken it to heart and NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 44ebafdf-c40e-477e-b4f4-94918a42d99f 01:01:29.505 --> 01:01:32.787 made that that threat apart of NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 5776b98e-3c42-476f-8f73-76d8462839f9 01:01:32.787 --> 01:01:35.460 their their school learning. NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 c94d1568-001c-4150-aaa5-8eed25570d1e 01:01:35.460 --> 01:01:37.602 Wording in Puyallup both have evacuation NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 a379d975-dff5-43ea-ac1b-7bbeae8a3dd4 01:01:37.602 --> 01:01:40.126 drills and there's going to be a very large, NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 7ecc15cc-f920-45ce-88b7-9051055fb77a 01:01:40.130 --> 01:01:41.680 larger evacuation drill next year, NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 6ecbca82-452f-410b-a1b3-51393604ad70 01:01:41.680 --> 01:01:42.231 apparently. NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 c3062359-7276-466c-ab02-5dfd4d7433a8 01:01:42.231 --> 01:01:44.986 And they they have accepted NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 d2ef33bd-a330-440f-a4eb-984071d3498f 01:01:44.986 --> 01:01:47.940 that they have this threat, NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 43a0b9ad-88b8-49e1-9feb-0d95871e17e2 01:01:47.940 --> 01:01:50.505 and there's no more lahar NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 667dd14d-4f12-4e55-847c-4eaf4cc3b8b7 01:01:50.505 --> 01:01:52.557 ready city then then. NOTE Confidence: 0.7950337 60012dab-7145-4ef7-ba14-1fd365c9ea8d 01:01:52.560 --> 01:01:55.638 Well, then, perhaps you relevant wording. NOTE Confidence: 0.8191004 51c4836b-ce23-443c-b172-6fa0431e4d2b 01:01:58.760 --> 01:02:00.192 OK, one other questions. NOTE Confidence: 0.8191004 3f47937f-c2f7-454f-b5f5-978ffe343d61 01:02:00.192 --> 01:02:02.340 There were follow up Quick's all NOTE Confidence: 0.8191004 3ca84972-bd01-44db-b7c8-3a2e6e2a4a2c 01:02:02.410 --> 01:02:04.546 the way South to Mammoth Mountain. NOTE Confidence: 0.8191004 ecd67611-6fac-406d-b529-3a6b83d520a6 01:02:04.550 --> 01:02:06.578 My husband I were honeymooning in NOTE Confidence: 0.8191004 df08d130-5019-4686-a78d-f9b05c84bbe4 01:02:06.578 --> 01:02:09.172 you Semite at the time were their NOTE Confidence: 0.8191004 ad88c6b2-f7df-4c13-abcc-a545352ccd7b 01:02:09.172 --> 01:02:11.127 fears that other mountains would NOTE Confidence: 0.8191004 567d4a12-89d9-4147-86cf-cba92c9a8cfa 01:02:11.127 --> 01:02:13.240 explode or erupt at that time. NOTE Confidence: 0.84843326 a8ddd914-dae5-4135-a21a-fd6aa209dc2a 01:02:15.890 --> 01:02:18.146 There were earthquakes at Mammoth Mountain. NOTE Confidence: 0.84843326 5d8de7f3-c8e7-4e7e-8309-759978adaafc 01:02:18.150 --> 01:02:21.516 There were earthquakes at Mount Hood. NOTE Confidence: 0.84843326 27614b5a-5854-4c3e-b0bb-4f90a19e8fbe 01:02:21.520 --> 01:02:26.315 Also and so. I don't I. NOTE Confidence: 0.84843326 3d30174a-7a83-44a8-bad7-8b00a4812c3b 01:02:26.315 --> 01:02:28.450 I think it was very tempting for NOTE Confidence: 0.84843326 68c4ea50-3dea-4e3e-8f04-0c262e434768 01:02:28.529 --> 01:02:30.519 people to make a connection. NOTE Confidence: 0.84843326 bdcc9cb7-1d6d-48f4-acc5-2106254c922a 01:02:30.520 --> 01:02:32.512 I'm not sure that any physical NOTE Confidence: 0.84843326 5de90044-83c9-42eb-9088-4a5031efee76 01:02:32.512 --> 01:02:34.270 connection ever has been drawn. NOTE Confidence: 0.84843326 b851b2b6-13c3-4580-97e4-0eb6e6e93ead 01:02:34.270 --> 01:02:36.256 There may be some that I'm NOTE Confidence: 0.84843326 b6486f52-f082-4e36-abf9-3df27e444881 01:02:36.256 --> 01:02:38.359 not that I'm not aware of, NOTE Confidence: 0.84843326 42d97ac6-7c7b-4252-91bf-ceef3c56de6d 01:02:38.360 --> 01:02:41.228 but yes, we were very concerned. NOTE Confidence: 0.84843326 a5de4482-992e-44cb-b0b0-ecbf79cf2fe7 01:02:41.230 --> 01:02:45.598 And feeling on pins and needles because. NOTE Confidence: 0.84843326 8949950e-2625-4642-8909-6d7a447f1b33 01:02:45.600 --> 01:02:47.298 We had a lot of people, NOTE Confidence: 0.84843326 5d48a1c3-96b0-4ec4-bb7d-b5819c93c980 01:02:47.300 --> 01:02:48.715 a lot of emergency managers NOTE Confidence: 0.84843326 8576bbcb-b773-4662-a455-8434232753de 01:02:48.715 --> 01:02:50.420 and members of the public who NOTE Confidence: 0.84843326 466aa03c-fb42-4fcf-b431-9b6f78aa8d31 01:02:50.420 --> 01:02:52.065 were not at that time ready to NOTE Confidence: 0.84843326 dfd8a3e0-7dcb-4c16-bed5-ac0eea15e111 01:02:52.065 --> 01:02:53.550 deal with volcanic eruption. NOTE Confidence: 0.80418843 382ae698-d026-46bf-85f1-5bc4dee86353 01:02:57.220 --> 01:02:58.380 That mammoth lovely isn't. NOTE Confidence: 0.80418843 b2086167-afe7-4e42-9263-bed03200dcb4 01:02:58.380 --> 01:03:00.450 It was just down there last week. NOTE Confidence: 0.84086925 789c287b-1002-44e3-9ce6-4fa781d23a5e 01:03:03.360 --> 01:03:05.385 Yeah, I I haven't been to mammoth in years. NOTE Confidence: 0.84086925 895c6349-561c-4e62-8df0-2c241ac5b801 01:03:05.390 --> 01:03:08.590 I need to. Get out of the pandemic NOTE Confidence: 0.84086925 af591ab7-e7c5-4230-bfc6-964fb9a95017 01:03:08.590 --> 01:03:11.260 mode and go traveling again. NOTE Confidence: 0.84086925 a07a36de-f336-4fc6-8fac-add098003bf4 01:03:11.260 --> 01:03:13.465 I give people a couple more minutes. NOTE Confidence: 0.84086925 b927db04-5d5a-4226-968d-919e797c8b0e 01:03:13.470 --> 01:03:14.945 We don't have any questions NOTE Confidence: 0.84086925 3f64f9d4-e311-4ca5-a3af-c5835d075948 01:03:14.945 --> 01:03:16.930 in the queue at the moment. NOTE Confidence: 0.84086925 f6ea0464-262b-41ea-82b2-f743851596ae 01:03:16.930 --> 01:03:19.142 I'll give people a minute or so NOTE Confidence: 0.84086925 46daddc4-398a-48de-9501-61e60cf5fc5b 01:03:19.142 --> 01:03:21.320 if they have any last minute NOTE Confidence: 0.84086925 601f3d65-5aa1-40ea-9564-2575c2d84857 01:03:21.320 --> 01:03:23.250 questions they want to ask. NOTE Confidence: 0.84086925 57937384-9f23-4b46-b873-218f7a137873 01:03:23.250 --> 01:03:26.184 I will remind the audience that NOTE Confidence: 0.84086925 3930b67d-80d7-49af-a9f5-2dd28bd9297f 01:03:26.184 --> 01:03:28.937 next month's lecture will be on NOTE Confidence: 0.84086925 b91ec2c6-188d-40c8-8ee8-8a6100b457c1 01:03:28.937 --> 01:03:31.753 July 22nd at 7:00 PM on our speaker NOTE Confidence: 0.84086925 468a8b49-c026-4e85-8fca-9d45d987b27e 01:03:31.841 --> 01:03:35.082 will be Amy Yakel who will be NOTE Confidence: 0.84086925 54e2d851-e995-43a4-ac3e-e5612b71fa91 01:03:35.082 --> 01:03:37.070 talking about endangered species. NOTE Confidence: 0.84086925 43a5deff-9955-4271-bdef-e4df0f58719a 01:03:37.070 --> 01:03:41.200 I will also remind everyone that these NOTE Confidence: 0.84086925 e48675ee-41dd-426c-a5a9-09325b77ceae 01:03:41.200 --> 01:03:44.641 lectures are archived an if you want NOTE Confidence: 0.84086925 d4e0322f-f860-4788-81b5-5297a6fb47b4 01:03:44.641 --> 01:03:48.796 to go back and watch this one or the NOTE Confidence: 0.84086925 3700ce90-2cf5-449b-8f85-189f4fb5c1a9 01:03:48.796 --> 01:03:53.630 the talk about Mount Pinatubo or any other. NOTE Confidence: 0.84086925 a0349f2f-5681-400b-a991-256d810a7bcf 01:03:53.630 --> 01:03:55.688 Lectures that we have there are NOTE Confidence: 0.84086925 06e38e15-7b96-4e0a-9a2f-94bcbe2e9cdc 01:03:55.688 --> 01:03:57.729 of the all available to watch. NOTE Confidence: 0.84086925 83d885e3-6241-4730-b726-78310e1c3203 01:03:57.730 --> 01:04:00.008 So. Come. NOTE Confidence: 0.84086925 925fb8c8-3da8-41ed-b782-fd06d5acc409 01:04:00.008 --> 01:04:04.564 Please go to www.usps.giovislashpls NOTE Confidence: 0.84086925 7f91a698-dd27-4cb2-9a0e-5857d11f41f6 01:04:04.564 --> 01:04:09.120 and check the archived. NOTE Confidence: 0.84086925 c3c36c97-0e56-4ea4-bb13-9a29aa3df488 01:04:09.120 --> 01:04:10.236 Pictures. NOTE Confidence: 0.84086925 55c82fcb-77cd-4fca-b0e4-777e7937327e 01:04:10.236 --> 01:04:14.700 OK, couple more questions. NOTE Confidence: 0.84086925 a05267cc-8020-422c-962e-0c1e9ebf2f39 01:04:14.700 --> 01:04:18.546 One is what happened at Guadalupe NOTE Confidence: 0.84086925 8fbb4e21-47e1-4ec3-8806-dcaba571def5 01:04:18.546 --> 01:04:22.460 after the 77,000 person evacuation. NOTE Confidence: 0.84086925 087fb042-5e1e-457b-9cc9-a5a09347aade 01:04:22.460 --> 01:04:23.600 Was there an eruption? NOTE Confidence: 0.7719037 540414cb-45a7-49f2-a5ac-9b353eec74df 01:04:26.000 --> 01:04:29.832 Oh, good question. I'd have to NOTE Confidence: 0.7719037 a2ec5b90-a778-4f43-9905-e501cd9da115 01:04:29.832 --> 01:04:32.600 go back and look at it with the. NOTE Confidence: 0.7719037 5d061a0a-27ef-49a5-a22d-9594b22f477b 01:04:32.600 --> 01:04:34.315 There was not an eruption NOTE Confidence: 0.7719037 35000cca-d252-4b07-a637-529b85300e3a 01:04:34.315 --> 01:04:35.687 that kept people evacuated. NOTE Confidence: 0.8594024 d8c74f0c-b789-4241-a37d-950183775cc2 01:04:38.660 --> 01:04:40.800 You people, basically, you know, NOTE Confidence: 0.8594024 0bfb1472-e7df-43b6-a9ec-578c1a3cebce 01:04:40.800 --> 01:04:43.796 decided that they had to go back. NOTE Confidence: 0.8594024 92643044-8c81-4c71-97af-3ca738e0a08b 01:04:43.800 --> 01:04:46.320 But what precipitated that was that NOTE Confidence: 0.8594024 bf1b03f1-5acc-4a69-988f-e9ea484b4928 01:04:46.320 --> 01:04:48.502 people thought they saw volcanic NOTE Confidence: 0.8594024 0feabcbc-08e0-4f91-b9bf-f99f32d34451 01:04:48.502 --> 01:04:50.637 glass within a rock sample, NOTE Confidence: 0.8594024 45ecddb1-2f4a-444b-9411-6962cc1367f6 01:04:50.640 --> 01:04:52.352 which could indicate maybe NOTE Confidence: 0.8594024 c83d132d-9cfe-469c-93ac-399e2e3e0fa2 01:04:52.352 --> 01:04:53.636 some higher exclusivity. NOTE Confidence: 0.8661285 4c60cc57-7e6e-48fa-a131-a8369d090a23 01:04:56.500 --> 01:04:58.390 I had to go back and look, NOTE Confidence: 0.8661285 ade25e2b-c9bf-4307-8a36-8b52f57255a7 01:04:58.390 --> 01:05:00.420 but I don't think there was sufficient NOTE Confidence: 0.8661285 59e8924c-e42f-499b-a589-7607721f99dc 01:05:00.420 --> 01:05:01.899 activity that warranted you know 77. NOTE Confidence: 0.8661285 e5f69cf7-2c6c-47b1-80db-0cb26cca9733 01:05:01.900 --> 01:05:04.114 But if it had been a more explosive eruption NOTE Confidence: 0.8661285 d52e9575-335d-434e-9cf5-017b5ea8c877 01:05:04.114 --> 01:05:06.072 then it would have been highly warranted NOTE Confidence: 0.8661285 34d2264a-a017-4cdf-a7e8-4b9023c72fbd 01:05:06.072 --> 01:05:08.337 so people are doing a little bit of NOTE Confidence: 0.8661285 bfe9411e-fd34-448a-9b10-27d49593c041 01:05:08.337 --> 01:05:10.390 historical going back and rethinking it all. NOTE Confidence: 0.8661285 3a78a965-5dd5-414a-8594-6f8b42fc9516 01:05:10.390 --> 01:05:11.560 Little saying. Well, NOTE Confidence: 0.8661285 e76d12be-afe1-4a91-b1aa-814e2ef17448 01:05:11.560 --> 01:05:13.900 maybe it wasn't completely for not. NOTE Confidence: 0.8661285 7fda0ff5-9018-43b7-b0e6-dc20e1d63c91 01:05:13.900 --> 01:05:15.910 And it could have been worse. NOTE Confidence: 0.8661285 bfc82c46-d964-4b52-af2e-4a14bf839e9e 01:05:15.910 --> 01:05:18.094 And then of course sometimes that's a NOTE Confidence: 0.8661285 9280a565-b8cc-435b-948b-e6de58559ed6 01:05:18.094 --> 01:05:20.599 reason enough in itself to evacuate people, NOTE Confidence: 0.8661285 dc69af14-3b11-4329-9e1e-9067615bb4fe 01:05:20.600 --> 01:05:22.280 but certainly no massive eruption. NOTE Confidence: 0.8661285 943b0bdb-cf58-4b8e-be02-ae711fcde176 01:05:22.280 --> 01:05:24.752 But I just can't remember the NOTE Confidence: 0.8661285 9e29639c-8ded-4fdd-9b0e-b49faae886a6 01:05:24.752 --> 01:05:27.400 exact extent of what did happen. NOTE Confidence: 0.8661285 d6380298-119a-49ec-a6b4-a2ddbde1a805 01:05:27.400 --> 01:05:31.229 OK, the other question is this the. NOTE Confidence: 0.8661285 d0265ed9-df9b-4a3b-917a-4ee3ce43543d 01:05:31.230 --> 01:05:34.062 Politicalization of science NOTE Confidence: 0.8661285 f37b4041-aa4e-4374-a2ce-81ede82bacd7 01:05:34.062 --> 01:05:37.838 concern you about preparedness. NOTE Confidence: 0.8661285 a706ca5e-af65-49e3-bb51-b24af242abda 01:05:37.840 --> 01:05:40.690 Is what is the now the NOTE Confidence: 0.8661285 03c316c8-1286-4808-938b-40902bc993e6 01:05:40.690 --> 01:05:41.640 political politicalization? NOTE Confidence: 0.8661285 6f16b1d3-5a47-4fec-ba5d-fabbace18720 01:05:41.640 --> 01:05:44.015 Sorry I couldn't get my NOTE Confidence: 0.8661285 232fea49-f01b-4e98-95fa-f0768c4ee81b 01:05:44.015 --> 01:05:45.915 mouth around that one. NOTE Confidence: 0.83159596 8810f97a-6a9e-4457-8c8a-8bc54c75d6f8 01:05:49.390 --> 01:05:50.678 There's a concern, me. NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 4886f912-c01f-4e59-b310-66ba52ca7c84 01:05:53.250 --> 01:05:57.474 Oh, of course. But at the same time. NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 9b17e638-ccba-4b6a-ba0b-a8e20727f55b 01:05:57.480 --> 01:05:59.890 Yeah, people are, you know, NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 30be1bb9-2724-4ee8-8d4f-5ca6620f0e7c 01:05:59.890 --> 01:06:03.250 think freely and probably offer human time. NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 453cb7f2-6a42-4453-b7cf-7ee7143e046f 01:06:03.250 --> 01:06:08.074 Science has not been accepted right away and. NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 c659ff38-df7f-41ad-934b-8108020c0755 01:06:08.080 --> 01:06:10.978 This in many cases they've been. NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 5136f62f-1f33-4dfe-be26-54fbe9ba7e5f 01:06:10.980 --> 01:06:15.620 Thought of, as you know, being. NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 67ceee8a-609b-4032-8886-aef8b75710ac 01:06:15.620 --> 01:06:17.534 Yeah, not nothing accurate in their NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 fa0fb5fd-c531-48d7-a2c5-f92efba353d2 01:06:17.534 --> 01:06:19.130 in their predictions and such. NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 7ab4eeeb-6006-4a29-8aa4-0c6d6dc2b332 01:06:19.130 --> 01:06:21.458 So I think we just have to look NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 5f73257f-4134-459c-a823-ee28d1161fc8 01:06:21.458 --> 01:06:24.245 at it that way and I I'm actually NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 38d989c4-75ee-4ab5-ad7f-270cf72af787 01:06:24.245 --> 01:06:26.686 amazed to look at my scientific NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 20451a02-4ca7-4696-a1b5-63f1f5f761d1 01:06:26.686 --> 01:06:29.518 colleagues and look at their mean. NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 31c6e8f2-1a4d-40f6-b3a5-e4f5223c9065 01:06:29.520 --> 01:06:31.254 Book analogy as well as in NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 142c5e51-c3d2-4f2f-a8cc-d2b7ce6f63fa 01:06:31.254 --> 01:06:32.410 Inglese theology and people. NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 e8756152-b24e-4fdc-8ad6-5e83158a92b7 01:06:32.410 --> 01:06:34.000 Really, you know they keep their NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 49898554-e6a3-43d4-8c3e-e4af5dd04493 01:06:34.000 --> 01:06:35.673 their their nose to the grindstone NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 97db3f82-4abc-41c1-a705-c64269fcdfbb 01:06:35.673 --> 01:06:37.633 and their shoulder to the wheel and NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 679f2c00-171d-4365-949e-55a2f29971ec 01:06:37.633 --> 01:06:39.524 they really don't let the political NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 09323c95-a442-46f7-a5d4-f428fe1d222d 01:06:39.524 --> 01:06:41.079 winds influence them too much. NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 eb0cd0c8-19e0-4ad0-b269-1a6cc4b1fb65 01:06:41.080 --> 01:06:43.984 They just do what they have to do. NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 19aee638-225b-4ee4-9b16-bbb762322d7d 01:06:43.990 --> 01:06:46.080 And if you know scientists, NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 fe49be10-2516-4c8f-99aa-ea02a0d97b78 01:06:46.080 --> 01:06:48.486 you might understand that they had NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 4ba5d299-ac63-4af9-b87b-d3e6606d7afb 01:06:48.486 --> 01:06:51.100 that capability to be very focused, NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 81525305-7d5e-492f-8e16-2694ef5c4962 01:06:51.100 --> 01:06:53.550 and to not let the winds of NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 7986a41d-bf93-4bad-80f9-43acf70deb96 01:06:53.550 --> 01:06:55.383 political change in political NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 fabc9215-b2c8-40af-9cc6-c306a5cb4d87 01:06:55.383 --> 01:06:58.187 politicization influence them overly. NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 491e00a3-3a69-45a2-9a68-9e00cd81755c 01:06:58.190 --> 01:07:00.890 They stick to their work. NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 6c413e14-1fc5-43e0-9ab5-af7326bb1c4d 01:07:00.890 --> 01:07:03.510 Most assuredly. NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 418bc2a3-c256-4260-a2f5-29ad90ff2d40 01:07:03.510 --> 01:07:05.890 Feed up follow up questions from the NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 ff02547b-301d-4c10-8615-ac32ce0a9b4f 01:07:05.890 --> 01:07:08.479 woman who asked about Mammoth Mountain. NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 625e0f15-3954-46e0-afa8-3e7126bf2336 01:07:08.480 --> 01:07:11.336 If she said there were slides and you NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 cbbf48f6-5fbc-4a35-a3c9-5e78e7da26f5 01:07:11.336 --> 01:07:13.940 Semite valley in the trails were closed, NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 b03992a0-b9ad-4459-a5e6-b1b87fdb5fc1 01:07:13.940 --> 01:07:16.844 it was rather exciting to be on that, NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 39200275-cb59-4087-836e-42d334ac6717 01:07:16.850 --> 01:07:17.942 say the least. NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 404de7a9-0fda-4f81-bd89-b05fe95211e3 01:07:17.942 --> 01:07:18.670 And yeah, NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 156023e0-4541-405a-acc2-af1cee8f5c2e 01:07:18.670 --> 01:07:21.574 slides happen in you Semite all the time. NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 6c4e77d6-5b8c-4462-8553-6f32dad4cb40 01:07:21.580 --> 01:07:22.492 So it's. NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 e9b47a49-d1ac-4a74-8e85-a32dfd154115 01:07:22.492 --> 01:07:24.316 Something I couldn't believe NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 1f623d4d-596e-409c-bfc9-59a60ab7ac2d 01:07:24.316 --> 01:07:26.140 it pretty pretty regularly. NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 ffbeafaf-8279-4307-93b5-e05f8f93718f 01:07:26.140 --> 01:07:26.816 In fact, NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 b388a83f-11ab-4ecd-abab-1c15e7c0a3e3 01:07:26.816 --> 01:07:28.506 we have a public lecture NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 0b40faa0-7ce7-4d17-9371-db90abb42e93 01:07:28.506 --> 01:07:30.160 about rockslides in Yosemite. NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 21b1abd4-615d-4306-a37b-77932d4c954d 01:07:30.160 --> 01:07:33.080 You can go back and watch so interesting. NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 72807641-48ea-4eeb-ac34-cfc657beb8ac 01:07:33.080 --> 01:07:37.144 I bet that was very exciting and it. NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 19dab85e-e210-4298-8d64-658646fb3837 01:07:37.150 --> 01:07:39.061 You had a chance to to witness NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 869405f3-9a87-423b-a796-415dcb714ca7 01:07:39.061 --> 01:07:41.088 some of the the really dynamic NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 25d38e61-e2de-4a99-bf66-f5b98168f9cf 01:07:41.088 --> 01:07:42.993 processes that happen in in, NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 017a4df5-4c56-4599-92bb-6853533c1bb2 01:07:43.000 --> 01:07:44.360 you know, on Earth, NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 e92da4d0-f9fb-4f70-9254-8b299ec52d56 01:07:44.360 --> 01:07:46.400 that's John Mirror would tell you NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 978ce73f-5d13-42bd-9b4d-cb58c7db3a84 01:07:46.467 --> 01:07:49.540 that that was a good thing, right? NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 9b09f1df-8042-47ae-9694-29ef19bed838 01:07:49.540 --> 01:07:49.817 Yes, NOTE Confidence: 0.837954375 2bdaaffc-b1a0-438b-97ca-4e2fd58d647d 01:07:49.817 --> 01:07:50.648 he will add. NOTE Confidence: 0.19959423 698436e4-240a-43b0-8d16-54857ea5c712 01:07:53.670 --> 01:07:57.700 Say. Sorry there bunch of question. NOTE Confidence: 0.19959423 099aae3c-1fce-47f3-8c1b-14b6d6755c2d 01:07:57.700 --> 01:08:00.087 I was trying to go through and NOTE Confidence: 0.19959423 9c5257cc-e47a-4079-8cb6-1156dbc892d7 01:08:00.087 --> 01:08:02.486 see if there's anything any kind NOTE Confidence: 0.19959423 59cbdf69-268b-445c-9f81-d9cd03b7a664 01:08:02.486 --> 01:08:04.980 of common themes here. Uhm? NOTE Confidence: 0.7261941 f90ab4e1-5c03-46d6-bc59-85153dcb4529 01:08:13.750 --> 01:08:15.857 Wants to know if size if Mamma NOTE Confidence: 0.7261941 1e36fc42-467f-4775-96e8-bf8835daf387 01:08:15.857 --> 01:08:18.070 theory is still seismically active? NOTE Confidence: 0.837632 03068d1a-c534-4206-b06e-c240294e8afa 01:08:21.450 --> 01:08:23.586 Can the mammoth area and is NOTE Confidence: 0.837632 bffb31b1-2b8b-47f7-964a-ac19437ec45a 01:08:23.586 --> 01:08:25.010 it still seismically active? NOTE Confidence: 0.837632 b44176d0-e8bf-4782-8e63-327924d07618 01:08:25.010 --> 01:08:27.858 OK, well that's not my area of expertise, NOTE Confidence: 0.837632 2d1bbe2c-90be-45b2-b77a-4f3a342f8ccf 01:08:27.860 --> 01:08:29.864 but I do know that earthquakes NOTE Confidence: 0.837632 07e9e267-d9da-4e27-9e2e-a7c1d7ca8c1c 01:08:29.864 --> 01:08:32.387 you know do happen there and there NOTE Confidence: 0.837632 027915bd-caea-464c-8375-2dfd3179f950 01:08:32.387 --> 01:08:34.613 have been some fairly large ones. NOTE Confidence: 0.837632 8ef214ba-6de4-4ce1-aa4e-69d50da3a8d2 01:08:34.620 --> 01:08:37.966 I I would suggest that you go NOTE Confidence: 0.837632 766e8e51-e7cf-411c-a188-39a0b867399c 01:08:37.966 --> 01:08:40.929 to the website for the USGS. NOTE Confidence: 0.837632 6e060b60-c44e-4112-aa2b-7b501926a851 01:08:40.930 --> 01:08:43.022 California Volcano Observatory calvillo. NOTE Confidence: 0.837632 b8738389-ac23-45fc-bd96-5d8202d8826d 01:08:43.022 --> 01:08:46.683 If you don't just do a, uh, NOTE Confidence: 0.837632 320f3cde-c2d1-49ea-8cc4-0dc2af98aabd 01:08:46.683 --> 01:08:50.867 you know a browse on USGS Mammoth Lakes, NOTE Confidence: 0.837632 47d1f0dd-e229-45f0-9290-b4857eb9e941 01:08:50.870 --> 01:08:52.439 CA volcano preservatory. NOTE Confidence: 0.837632 27dfddad-a03e-491e-9c31-413c78475782 01:08:52.439 --> 01:08:56.100 You know all those events are listed, NOTE Confidence: 0.837632 b3da63fa-4e34-4d97-a164-4c1559a963bc 01:08:56.100 --> 01:09:00.290 and certainly many things that. NOTE Confidence: 0.837632 dc188091-e918-4821-82f8-9cd7c457bad4 01:09:00.290 --> 01:09:01.850 That are not in everyones NOTE Confidence: 0.837632 c92f5a6b-c3e1-4d31-a88d-84bd3a006e2d 01:09:01.850 --> 01:09:03.098 memory all the time, NOTE Confidence: 0.837632 bee4d0c9-ec0c-4428-9d18-26dac841860b 01:09:03.100 --> 01:09:05.940 but they are interesting nonetheless. NOTE Confidence: 0.837632 a9f43242-5586-485a-a054-64dd35d2751c 01:09:05.940 --> 01:09:08.410 OK. NOTE Confidence: 0.837632 73eede27-7b69-4a67-98fc-0861f9bb2267 01:09:08.410 --> 01:09:10.060 Somebody's asking if they think NOTE Confidence: 0.837632 09e4ccca-83e2-4ddd-95f0-4fe6196d82a6 01:09:10.060 --> 01:09:11.710 their Mount Saint Helens will NOTE Confidence: 0.837632 71265d75-b625-4c32-8ed0-e29d9a8d6971 01:09:11.766 --> 01:09:13.656 erupt anytime in the next 10 years. NOTE Confidence: 0.8646145 17607dc7-39ab-476c-ac65-499cd7a33cfd 01:09:15.880 --> 01:09:19.060 I'm not going to place a bet on 10 years, NOTE Confidence: 0.8646145 cadc02eb-0132-4772-b8b8-b4fbc5ec5f7e 01:09:19.060 --> 01:09:21.732 but one thing that's been noticed is that NOTE Confidence: 0.8646145 264577be-b8e1-4c3a-8b7a-7fa775291ba6 01:09:21.732 --> 01:09:24.468 when one of the volcanoes is on a roll, NOTE Confidence: 0.8646145 fa166100-b154-4b12-a1a6-b8b1ac9924c2 01:09:24.470 --> 01:09:27.650 it it we can say with some degree of reason, NOTE Confidence: 0.8646145 dbd4445e-9c0b-4b15-bb01-7b5bfde8959d 01:09:27.650 --> 01:09:30.198 you know that it's most likely that NOTE Confidence: 0.8646145 e5d4c8ba-bb89-4896-ab03-eec5a8eddbff 01:09:30.198 --> 01:09:33.109 it will be the next one to erupt. NOTE Confidence: 0.8646145 bab36feb-744a-42e2-a8cf-bb95c739a05f 01:09:33.110 --> 01:09:36.764 And so that certainly is a possibility. NOTE Confidence: 0.8646145 ac3b1ec8-8c7a-40a5-b1f2-e64305e11c76 01:09:36.770 --> 01:09:39.450 There are different points of view on this, NOTE Confidence: 0.8646145 427649c7-3c20-4514-ab09-a63b56f2c93b 01:09:39.450 --> 01:09:40.790 and people say yes, NOTE Confidence: 0.8646145 3a2ab3b2-2a89-4d10-9a05-c9b83bd3d4ee 01:09:40.790 --> 01:09:42.800 that could happen in other people. NOTE Confidence: 0.8646145 26c94f0f-3bac-41de-b606-c1e6994f6c1a 01:09:42.800 --> 01:09:44.732 Say, well maybe we don't have NOTE Confidence: 0.8646145 bb0c6eb5-8863-4fd7-b81b-0513a4142148 01:09:44.732 --> 01:09:46.490 the magma below now there. NOTE Confidence: 0.8646145 121a61d3-28fa-480a-a25c-8a47559b8987 01:09:46.490 --> 01:09:49.112 Maybe there's evidence that there's not NOTE Confidence: 0.8646145 fb6be26f-5ace-416c-b488-4104a1118fa0 01:09:49.112 --> 01:09:51.665 sufficient magma beneath in the magma NOTE Confidence: 0.8646145 77a9332f-8b0e-4e06-bfb0-8a1553c059de 01:09:51.665 --> 01:09:53.867 chamber to cause trouble there and. NOTE Confidence: 0.8646145 2101b15f-f0e2-4ca3-8935-0df24500a662 01:09:53.870 --> 01:09:55.814 So you know we're just gonna NOTE Confidence: 0.8646145 02e9bbfa-9021-4ea7-8b2c-d649bdc655a2 01:09:55.814 --> 01:09:57.470 have to wait and see. NOTE Confidence: 0.8646145 61a8f12e-be3d-458b-8b64-8e15f0f4934c 01:09:57.470 --> 01:09:59.105 That's one of the interesting NOTE Confidence: 0.8646145 2816a28a-8ac3-469c-9225-dfad205a5a82 01:09:59.105 --> 01:10:00.740 things about the local nology. NOTE Confidence: 0.8646145 825f9832-3eac-476b-b139-c3675ebaf449 01:10:00.740 --> 01:10:02.136 You can't always experiment, NOTE Confidence: 0.8646145 1050a57f-ff24-405a-a411-7400fbeaa41f 01:10:02.136 --> 01:10:04.920 but you have to just observe and being NOTE Confidence: 0.8646145 a21833a9-7aa3-482b-870c-e7ce3165e073 01:10:04.920 --> 01:10:07.416 able to be an intelligent observer and so NOTE Confidence: 0.8646145 72293bd0-2aa5-4e73-b382-356371c73fc3 01:10:07.484 --> 01:10:09.932 that is our mode of operation in terms NOTE Confidence: 0.8646145 a4e03401-c8b4-45aa-b984-0e2a8dc712d7 01:10:09.932 --> 01:10:13.198 of thinking about long term forecast. NOTE Confidence: 0.8646145 6bf1d48f-1c64-4aba-ad94-db57339fd05e 01:10:13.200 --> 01:10:16.336 Can couple more questions of one was? NOTE Confidence: 0.8646145 0f04b1bf-55f9-4a8d-b3d1-a55f55fa39c5 01:10:16.340 --> 01:10:19.324 What kind of debate was going on in NOTE Confidence: 0.8646145 7630768e-10b1-4436-b9ea-ff446b4abec5 01:10:19.324 --> 01:10:22.668 9th USGS in 1980 about the probability NOTE Confidence: 0.8646145 5416f49f-674d-44fb-88c3-705951b867d1 01:10:22.668 --> 01:10:25.770 of lahars versus quieter lava flows? NOTE Confidence: 0.8465921 8a5ad775-b78c-4d4c-8133-4ac9d3dc0481 01:10:28.350 --> 01:10:30.222 Well, that's a good question and NOTE Confidence: 0.8465921 e3243341-6138-44f0-9748-a6aeda5a013d 01:10:30.222 --> 01:10:32.650 I'm not sure if I had the answer, NOTE Confidence: 0.8465921 b1a6a894-341c-4091-a671-ea07ba622daf 01:10:32.650 --> 01:10:35.042 but I think that overall and I don't NOTE Confidence: 0.8465921 ac4f6be8-affb-4bcb-81ce-ca5d76c6cc4d 01:10:35.042 --> 01:10:38.000 know if it's somebody in the know who's NOTE Confidence: 0.8465921 42530195-0241-4643-b64c-5f9cd89ee0d6 01:10:38.000 --> 01:10:40.445 asking that question and certainly lava NOTE Confidence: 0.8465921 6d7e42d6-84c0-4e90-9a58-ac6a1cc54d6e 01:10:40.445 --> 01:10:42.995 flows are better known than lahars. NOTE Confidence: 0.8465921 fc6945cd-182b-4836-bd96-fe923f88b27f 01:10:43.000 --> 01:10:48.080 Uh. There was a lot of debate as to. NOTE Confidence: 0.8465921 dad3a817-e6a5-446b-8c2c-d2d9788ef849 01:10:48.080 --> 01:10:49.977 What might happen with it with the NOTE Confidence: 0.8465921 13e49911-9440-4628-8261-c140ab819630 01:10:49.977 --> 01:10:51.719 bulge and there were some theories NOTE Confidence: 0.8465921 07906486-5aab-4448-9938-c32161f5a8d4 01:10:51.719 --> 01:10:53.453 that have been put out there. NOTE Confidence: 0.8465921 08d5aa00-48ba-47cf-a182-7672241dd997 01:10:53.460 --> 01:10:55.441 There was just a lot of debate NOTE Confidence: 0.8465921 d97c307b-0eef-41aa-9229-4680fb152a51 01:10:55.441 --> 01:10:57.403 going on overall, remember that we NOTE Confidence: 0.8465921 be807410-9d61-4ef5-967c-3f8ed384cdff 01:10:57.403 --> 01:10:59.629 had a group of stratigraphy hers. NOTE Confidence: 0.8465921 95dcd1fc-57c5-4302-af81-0879d1e519bf 01:10:59.630 --> 01:11:02.535 Looking at the layers of previous eruptions, NOTE Confidence: 0.8465921 b494486c-399c-4bba-87f4-61a311423a1f 01:11:02.540 --> 01:11:05.165 we had people working with NOTE Confidence: 0.8465921 9914d2bd-91d6-42a7-a3f4-b9f42aa5a66b 01:11:05.165 --> 01:11:07.265 quieter volcanoes in Hawaii. NOTE Confidence: 0.8465921 b839d30e-1a28-42f5-934d-2f8eae70f459 01:11:07.270 --> 01:11:10.610 We had people who were. NOTE Confidence: 0.8465921 4b07745e-129c-43bb-8d36-a4fbdaf2ae33 01:11:10.610 --> 01:11:11.708 A landslide specialist, NOTE Confidence: 0.8465921 035483ff-2511-4e2b-aec8-ca9b52989fd3 01:11:11.708 --> 01:11:14.665 will you know we didn't have people with NOTE Confidence: 0.8465921 325a79cf-5917-40e1-9005-58910af80bdb 01:11:14.665 --> 01:11:16.947 a lot of just full bodied experience, NOTE Confidence: 0.8465921 d7dc8a24-47fe-42ce-9856-9b263e441a0b 01:11:16.950 --> 01:11:19.414 so I can't tell you what people NOTE Confidence: 0.8465921 f1484fa8-16fc-4e92-aff5-7eec2aa0c33e 01:11:19.414 --> 01:11:21.868 were thinking in terms of that man. NOTE Confidence: 0.8465921 36491123-2445-47f4-a54c-6c602f6e1bbe 01:11:21.870 --> 01:11:22.929 Maybe they can. NOTE Confidence: 0.80492294 b18baaee-998a-4acb-9238-0d6a7dff387d 01:11:25.340 --> 01:11:27.390 But lahars are lesser known, NOTE Confidence: 0.80492294 8ca9c32b-a358-4808-b838-18f7b14f651e 01:11:27.390 --> 01:11:30.779 but probably in the end. Armor. NOTE Confidence: 0.80492294 9051ff76-8f64-47e6-93a9-25ccb6728d20 01:11:30.779 --> 01:11:33.015 Destructive the lava flows NOTE Confidence: 0.80492294 91746ce6-74a8-4295-8695-f7551391a50b 01:11:33.015 --> 01:11:35.810 at Mount Saint Helens anyway. NOTE Confidence: 0.7899877 a686be6a-1919-4ae7-a7b0-0642ed0367f5 01:11:37.930 --> 01:11:41.136 Right, OK, couple more questions I think. NOTE Confidence: 0.7899877 738cd0a9-2ab6-485c-9898-4ba39e9a52f9 01:11:41.140 --> 01:11:43.876 Will close. Call it in evening. NOTE Confidence: 0.804919 48e31ab7-9cf2-4f28-9690-47248f1e1a62 01:11:46.960 --> 01:11:48.412 Have their been? NOTE Confidence: 0.804919 95682076-cb56-405e-a19d-627e9e5d3bfd 01:11:48.412 --> 01:11:51.316 What are what have subsequent slope NOTE Confidence: 0.804919 331a355d-a1cb-4a6b-bb11-a25d2b91a840 01:11:51.316 --> 01:11:54.418 failures in Mount Saint Helens look like? NOTE Confidence: 0.804919 a0a03b67-299c-4339-b72d-3a3562ca1bf2 01:11:54.420 --> 01:11:57.156 Does lahar leftover material NOTE Confidence: 0.804919 2245fe0e-d602-4162-9323-920d54d90a42 01:11:57.156 --> 01:11:59.208 remain highly mobile? NOTE Confidence: 0.804919 b867ba62-3470-4c20-8331-0c504b5da430 01:11:59.210 --> 01:12:01.220 Good question, you know that that NOTE Confidence: 0.804919 23021002-94ea-4c0a-a2cd-c088b0885649 01:12:01.220 --> 01:12:03.400 that's a very relevant question too, NOTE Confidence: 0.804919 07d6ea59-f04b-4d4a-8505-c521e3a722d5 01:12:03.400 --> 01:12:05.920 because just a few weeks ago we were NOTE Confidence: 0.804919 8bf226f5-aebb-4708-b395-7317e0f6b33b 01:12:05.920 --> 01:12:08.497 looking at the webcam that is set NOTE Confidence: 0.804919 88f9df2d-2b3a-441f-b7d3-9d83e7900982 01:12:08.497 --> 01:12:10.372 up at Johnston Ridge Observatory, NOTE Confidence: 0.804919 c202ac89-4f52-4123-87d5-da6e4f207d94 01:12:10.380 --> 01:12:12.125 which is that my background NOTE Confidence: 0.804919 26e9e806-209b-4636-8083-80b0e75b17e7 01:12:12.125 --> 01:12:13.870 and here in the picture, NOTE Confidence: 0.804919 ef31b6a1-afc7-453d-88f6-91ddc05b10ae 01:12:13.870 --> 01:12:15.190 and Kurt Spicer said, NOTE Confidence: 0.804919 72f0a0bc-c44c-4aa4-9837-84103c62870d 01:12:15.190 --> 01:12:17.877 you know there has been a huge slump NOTE Confidence: 0.804919 653c12a7-c2b9-403f-8637-931fe4f56ccf 01:12:17.877 --> 01:12:20.405 that happened and we lost a lot of NOTE Confidence: 0.804919 c89877fb-7c96-477e-ab24-a0b8e2d928e4 01:12:20.479 --> 01:12:22.939 activity down into the total river, NOTE Confidence: 0.804919 626ae1fb-11e9-48e9-ba74-3eacee5b3021 01:12:22.940 --> 01:12:25.956 so he and others were going to watch NOTE Confidence: 0.804919 449fbd7a-8dee-47f2-9e75-8bc5cce5c60f 01:12:25.956 --> 01:12:29.378 and see if it made its way downstream. NOTE Confidence: 0.804919 973a0a6c-a29d-4c95-be75-7567303e0c36 01:12:29.380 --> 01:12:31.263 But yeah, some of it is is NOTE Confidence: 0.804919 1bcf5d6c-eee2-422a-9d22-4b4dbcdfc6dc 01:12:31.263 --> 01:12:33.010 saturated and in others is not. NOTE Confidence: 0.804919 2acb92e6-2d88-4413-890d-59f1ee99767f 01:12:33.010 --> 01:12:34.684 You know there's a lot of NOTE Confidence: 0.804919 2e9fbc04-dc70-429c-9de3-ed2b285cb683 01:12:34.684 --> 01:12:35.800 porous rock there too, NOTE Confidence: 0.804919 fa36de21-7661-4b18-9de6-f89d729f9bce 01:12:35.800 --> 01:12:38.243 so maybe not a lot of water NOTE Confidence: 0.804919 5184f616-979f-4acd-aba7-6439d362afed 01:12:38.243 --> 01:12:40.040 sitting at the surface. NOTE Confidence: 0.804919 8c060945-6e2a-4f04-9291-a57114d1f8cb 01:12:40.040 --> 01:12:41.117 And of course, NOTE Confidence: 0.804919 467d4e21-19b0-49ef-b000-42543de1998e 01:12:41.117 --> 01:12:43.271 we're also always looking at the NOTE Confidence: 0.804919 41246bd7-d65e-416f-9537-c80862b7fddf 01:12:43.271 --> 01:12:44.976 external slopes of Mount Saint NOTE Confidence: 0.804919 5548746a-ba69-4964-a8c7-9bd65cafa0f2 01:12:44.976 --> 01:12:47.479 Helens via our our GPS units as well. NOTE Confidence: 0.804919 9e2a92de-413a-4578-8624-511bca8c6b59 01:12:47.480 --> 01:12:50.552 We do not see any kind of slumping NOTE Confidence: 0.804919 4ed9d289-42e6-45b8-9ec6-aebc8f673c0e 01:12:50.552 --> 01:12:52.582 happening of the volcanic NOTE Confidence: 0.804919 22e1869d-e2e4-41e1-8903-4f4ef1cda3f3 01:12:52.582 --> 01:12:54.346 edifice edifice itself. NOTE Confidence: 0.804919 e8cd2914-a2f2-4bfa-9ca7-9bfdb6f4873f 01:12:54.350 --> 01:12:57.718 OK, one other question and we can maybe NOTE Confidence: 0.804919 b515b478-b8e9-46c4-a875-046f18c219a5 01:12:57.718 --> 01:13:01.027 close it as you started your career, NOTE Confidence: 0.804919 4089ec2b-9d70-497d-8817-9f17ae2bd9a2 01:13:01.030 --> 01:13:03.700 it says as a glitchy ologist. NOTE Confidence: 0.804919 c29860b9-e1a9-4278-890c-80ac66a32bde 01:13:03.700 --> 01:13:07.836 How excited are you with the how the. NOTE Confidence: 0.804919 35e74b3c-2a33-4118-980d-96a2fcf168de 01:13:07.840 --> 01:13:10.145 Crater Glacier has been doing NOTE Confidence: 0.804919 835ba980-7f68-4539-b3c9-943fa2f689c9 01:13:10.145 --> 01:13:11.989 in this formation and. NOTE Confidence: 0.804919 b2bcf990-11b2-4bdb-a66a-da4524d5d2a8 01:13:11.990 --> 01:13:17.860 Sustainment. Oh go Crater Glacier. NOTE Confidence: 0.804919 a9c78ff6-581e-493a-af30-c8fd58e2869e 01:13:17.860 --> 01:13:18.327 Yeah, NOTE Confidence: 0.804919 90f8f382-8f7c-48fb-bf33-6a6341b50ddd 01:13:18.327 --> 01:13:20.662 this little this little glacier NOTE Confidence: 0.804919 59b6363a-7f72-4460-ad5e-be404047c315 01:13:20.662 --> 01:13:22.980 has real and it was. NOTE Confidence: 0.804919 1de9e145-1baa-4625-afe2-ebaaa68e5e75 01:13:22.980 --> 01:13:25.770 It was born in under very NOTE Confidence: 0.804919 5ac3bc9f-5d55-485d-abee-92cc323e4ba2 01:13:25.770 --> 01:13:26.700 fortunate circumstances. NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 1ca65f36-bdd7-420e-8344-9d0871f05fe8 01:13:28.730 --> 01:13:31.076 Pretty much all the glaciers of NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 256ec04e-50e5-48af-bf72-6c81e119cb25 01:13:31.076 --> 01:13:33.464 the western United States are in NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 ce8e2542-9cd5-4f1a-b176-ce4a3b440e42 01:13:33.464 --> 01:13:35.726 recession and are thinning right now. NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 2137eace-7344-48ac-aab3-a98f0f9ffaad 01:13:35.730 --> 01:13:38.328 But created glacier is that exception NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 9b01311f-5ea9-43c2-9906-a36b87ac2ea8 01:13:38.328 --> 01:13:41.139 where it was when I was born NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 0f59b9f8-33c7-4441-a138-a118b49d6ac0 01:13:41.139 --> 01:13:43.456 in a volcanic crater due to the NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 d5599ffd-79a3-473a-9ec9-feb8c388f3f6 01:13:43.536 --> 01:13:46.624 avalanching of ice of snow and of rock NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 48151f18-f82e-4eff-911c-49049f9a1ce7 01:13:46.624 --> 01:13:48.952 creating a very rock rich glacier. NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 a0e9676c-7894-40e3-bf23-d483cbe88ada 01:13:48.952 --> 01:13:50.504 And not only that, NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 ab10e62e-1836-40bf-bfe4-e8fa7e1f72c6 01:13:50.510 --> 01:13:53.078 but it was formed in the shadow of NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 632eba27-42aa-4ee4-a729-9b2ac7e528d6 01:13:53.078 --> 01:13:55.959 those of that horseshoe shaped crater. NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 86923fc2-db4d-4629-83d7-191a4a40eef4 01:13:55.960 --> 01:13:57.512 And so it just. NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 f9d62a42-a6b6-4c42-ad66-36a39bff1e16 01:13:57.512 --> 01:13:59.840 Picked up a lot of thickness NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 6ef0d62e-0a4a-4164-bfc8-fd88a93f37e4 01:13:59.934 --> 01:14:02.229 you got became very thick. NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 eb01cebd-3ef1-4a5a-b89e-c54a69235c1a 01:14:02.230 --> 01:14:05.704 We wondered what was going to happen in 19. NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 9a8fd806-ed25-4f5e-a098-eba4fe72a0fc 01:14:05.710 --> 01:14:08.032 Excuse me in 2004 with the NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 5aacbe4d-3143-41ae-a3e9-44c1a6dea145 01:14:08.032 --> 01:14:09.193 eruption we thought, NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 10856cf3-3621-4d2c-b4d7-e3f778fe78b1 01:14:09.200 --> 01:14:10.520 well here it was, NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 282e15fe-7dc6-4fc1-b0eb-cdca0f52c13f 01:14:10.520 --> 01:14:13.771 so it was so amazing to fly around in NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 9c870fe9-df1e-4b0c-9d58-7d89941f6169 01:14:13.771 --> 01:14:16.536 helicopter and to see this spine of NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 11cea005-9d36-4b2a-9d14-e6ae07322429 01:14:16.617 --> 01:14:19.131 fresh lava Dome rock piercing through NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 216b9340-7844-44b5-80fb-aeb2387cf93c 01:14:19.131 --> 01:14:22.740 the ice and we were a little bit aghast. NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 02275f82-5ea4-4045-b53b-0c5aae19ac6f 01:14:22.740 --> 01:14:25.463 At least those of us with with NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 422a7cde-0682-427e-89e5-cb774c911054 01:14:25.463 --> 01:14:27.000 the glacier affinity's Ann, NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 b78c8c0f-b18d-4fa3-b7ac-e965fc0a0b81 01:14:27.000 --> 01:14:30.474 is that lava done grew and grew and grew? NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 19917bce-04d9-49e7-92a6-468443798362 01:14:30.480 --> 01:14:33.156 We watched the glacier respond where? NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 99086f95-476a-40af-897a-887279492e3a 01:14:33.160 --> 01:14:35.645 You know it just didn't melt away. NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 6de5ac3a-4938-4e2f-946a-679b6fc7cf57 01:14:35.650 --> 01:14:38.530 I was only like about 5-6 percent of the NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 00dfaba8-2d82-4784-8aeb-ddf4d9893174 01:14:38.530 --> 01:14:41.330 glacier was melted during the 2480 eruption, NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 11eb0e55-cd10-4cf5-8718-e8aaa5b2ea94 01:14:41.330 --> 01:14:43.454 but instead it just picked itself NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 1305dfe9-da29-432d-b439-52ac49e76864 01:14:43.454 --> 01:14:45.585 up Anet Boogie, DUP those side NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 64b0cbe1-38a2-4474-942c-93cbf3f6e40e 01:14:45.585 --> 01:14:47.360 inner sidewalls of the creator, NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 5e9a2d1f-8b87-4223-b156-544d95aec51e 01:14:47.360 --> 01:14:49.747 if buckled up there an is rigid NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 569f2254-ac5a-4571-918e-7a41e632f47d 01:14:49.747 --> 01:14:52.327 ice and then it got high enough. NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 c5d64053-4e86-43ff-aef2-f5ae43e6b2ff 01:14:52.330 --> 01:14:55.867 It was very thick so that it made it's NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 e9d38813-2663-403d-98c0-6d5cbc40c0c6 01:14:55.867 --> 01:14:59.644 it's been making a fast zoom down to the. NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 fae19064-16cd-42cd-9826-860b90b19fe3 01:14:59.650 --> 01:15:01.994 To the north and alpha the creator breach, NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 c2dd5957-a229-42f4-b341-a2eaa6b6fcdb 01:15:02.000 --> 01:15:03.176 but it's getting pretty NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 5dd1892e-e1a5-42ca-9a01-a4a60fb88fa2 01:15:03.176 --> 01:15:04.646 adventurous and the pretty spunky, NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 235479e6-4454-449e-ba14-e8ac84fd0734 01:15:04.650 --> 01:15:06.722 and it's it's moved out onto the NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 adf08444-f6bf-4e2f-99b9-7c76a1c97202 01:15:06.722 --> 01:15:08.470 sunny plain outside of the breach, NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 340b4129-f5b5-45b9-9793-c4231522a087 01:15:08.470 --> 01:15:09.052 amounting Helen. NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 a5892452-52ef-42ca-aff0-56b1b98b15b0 01:15:09.052 --> 01:15:11.700 So with that kind of behavior we don't know. NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 58e5f021-a4ab-4c9a-8187-0f87990ee8f1 01:15:11.700 --> 01:15:14.346 You know what, how long it's going to that, NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 5f6e115a-1a9a-484a-92f2-565061cddf19 01:15:14.350 --> 01:15:16.408 how long that advances going to last. NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 601eff73-99cb-421a-8812-4f8cd3e8abf9 01:15:16.410 --> 01:15:17.880 I think advance itself is NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 29cd5a15-4b8e-47a1-8603-f413001672f7 01:15:17.880 --> 01:15:19.350 actually pretty much you know, NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 b859964b-edd3-4524-9952-1479c851f021 01:15:19.350 --> 01:15:21.470 slowed to a halt will have to look NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 0f27879d-7a63-425a-8d42-e5a60a337329 01:15:21.470 --> 01:15:23.759 at the latest numbers on that so, NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 42555f74-85aa-4ace-a2bc-ef5746502863 01:15:23.760 --> 01:15:24.592 but yes, NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 69dd9b49-208c-4750-ac1c-44a8db48b91f 01:15:24.592 --> 01:15:26.672 it's pretty exciting to if NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 0b39b0f2-bb9c-4675-97bd-07cb2677a0a8 01:15:26.672 --> 01:15:28.610 you watching Crater Glacier. NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 70b93d4b-7fca-45fb-855e-3f164780245f 01:15:28.610 --> 01:15:29.071 OK, NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 31c8762a-643d-411c-8d1b-320a9ed19812 01:15:29.071 --> 01:15:31.837 thank you again Caroline for your NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 94211486-182d-466c-86b2-d477efe7b7aa 01:15:31.837 --> 01:15:34.863 talk today and for answering all NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 f7900862-e8ee-4b43-be43-c8c0ab388aa1 01:15:34.863 --> 01:15:37.438 the questions from our audience NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 3bfa06bf-625f-44be-a2ca-bda99e2bc14d 01:15:37.438 --> 01:15:40.424 and also thank you to all for NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 53951e4b-1668-4724-bbfa-fc38615a9a5b 01:15:40.424 --> 01:15:42.780 all of you joining us today. NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 a8979cc4-3f41-4efe-99a9-260e9afe17b6 01:15:42.780 --> 01:15:45.230 This lecture will be available NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 02ffa0d8-94b7-4e27-a668-81f09bd976a0 01:15:45.230 --> 01:15:48.750 later for on demand viewing at our NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 b8bc12cc-b7cd-4380-8194-97bde2d6237c 01:15:48.750 --> 01:15:51.200 website at www.usgs.giovi slash POS NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 9b583a0c-301f-483b-8142-0b6731278a3a 01:15:51.200 --> 01:15:54.490 and we hope to see you can next NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 1c5dee55-d356-4069-a835-625a790de6d4 01:15:54.490 --> 01:15:58.038 month on July 22nd for our talk of NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 fe7e0603-d516-4e94-af7d-a1cb4b19e09e 01:15:58.038 --> 01:16:01.140 an endangered species by Amy Akal. NOTE Confidence: 0.773998 5a1185ca-504a-49ba-92ad-18dcb7888876 01:16:01.140 --> 01:16:02.470 Have a good evening everyone.